Crop Harvesting and Testing Procedures
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Questions and Answers

Which type of seed is the original or first seed of a variety with 100% genetic and physical purity?

  • Foundation seed
  • Commercial seed
  • Nucleus seed (correct)
  • Breeder seed

    • What is the source for the initial and recurring increase of foundation seed?

  • Nucleus seed
  • Commercial seed
  • Improved seed
  • Breeder seed (correct)

    • Which type of seed is synonymous with breeder seed in Nepal?

  • Nucleus seed (correct)
  • Foundation seed
  • Commercial seed
  • Improved seed

    • What is the original or first seed of a variety available with the producing breeder or any other recognized breeder of the crop?

    <p>Nucleus seed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of seed is produced by research institutes and agricultural universities under the supervision of plant breeders to provide genetically pure seed for foundation seed production?

    <p>Breeder seed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which seed class is the purest and is produced from hybridization, selection, and mutation?

    <p>Breeder seed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which seed class is the progeny of certified seed and is produced to maintain genetic identity and purity standards?

    <p>Certified seed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of seed is recommended for one generation of use and is produced by crossing homozygous inbred lines?

    <p>Hybrid seed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of seed has higher production potential than hybrids and is produced by inter-crossing multiple selected varieties?

    <p>Composite seed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of seed is produced by mutation breeding with mutagenic agents and has greater potential in yield and quality than other seed types?

    <p>Mutant seed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of nucleus and breeder's seed production?

    <p>To maintain varietal purity and genetic quality in subsequent seed production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Harrington (1952) procedure for nucleus seed maintenance involve?

    <p>Sampling promising new varieties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the standards for processing plants and field/seed standards set by the seed certification agency?

    <p>Isolation distances, weeds, seed-borne diseases, moisture content, and germination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do seed certification standards refer to?

    <p>Field conditions or procedures in inspection of harvested produce</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do different seed types have specific purity, inner matter, other crop seed, weed seed, and germination requirements?

    <p>For labeling purposes under seed law enforcement program</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of sowing seeds in a 'nucleus' nursery?

    <p>To produce Breeder’s Stock Seed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action should be taken during the growth cycle of the nucleus plot?

    <p>Critically examine each plot, removing any distinctly different or diseased plots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of roguing out non-typical plants?

    <p>To maintain purity of the seed stock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of cleaning and treating seed with fungicide and insecticide?

    <p>To protect the seed before storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What methods are used for maintaining Breeder’s Seed of established varieties?

    <p>Backcrossing or using seed from certified seed producers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method improves the genetic purity of established varieties by harvesting and examining seeds from 2,000 to 2,500 typical plants?

    <p>Bulk selection method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is breeder's seed of local varieties maintained to ensure genetic purity?

    <p>By growing in isolated plots and rigorously roguing during crop growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is necessary for safeguarding the variety in case of failure during the foundation seed multiplication phase?

    <p>Carry-over seed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is nucleus seed of inbred lines maintained to prevent contamination?

    <p>Through hand pollination and selecting selfed or sibbed ears for increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is breeder's seed of non-inbred lines produced to maintain genetic purity?

    <p>By using seed from nucleus seed and caring for it in isolated fields</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can the breeder's seed of established cross-fertilised crop varieties be maintained by raising the seed crop in isolation?

    <p>By carefully roguing the seed crop at various stages and removing off-types</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of mass selection in maintaining breeder's seed of cross-fertilised crops?

    <p>To select and harvest a specific number of true to type plants for constituting the breeder's seed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of modified mass selection in maintaining breeder's seed?

    <p>To ensure genetic stability and safeguard against unforeseen shortages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is a system of carry over seed considered the best insurance against failure in breeder's seed production?

    <p>To retain extra seed for a year or longer as a safeguard against accidents and unpredictable disasters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of thoroughly roguing the seed crop at various stages in maintaining breeder's seed of established varieties?

    <p>To remove off-types and maintain genetic purity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    • Breeder's seed of local varieties can be maintained by growing them in isolated plots and rigorously roguing during crop growth.
    • Bulk selection method improves genetic purity of established varieties by harvesting and examining seeds from 2,000 to 2,500 typical plants.
    • Carry-over seed is necessary for safeguarding the variety in case of failure during the foundation seed multiplication phase.
    • Inbred lines' nucleus seed is maintained through hand pollination and selecting selfed or sibbed ears for increase.
    • Nucleus seed is planted on clean fertile land and isolated from other crops to prevent contamination.
    • Roguing is done to remove off-types from isolated fields and careful examination is necessary to detect all off-types.
    • Nucleus seed can be harvested and shelled after drying, and the remaining seed is bulked and stored under ideal conditions.
    • Breeder's seed of inbred lines is planted in isolated fields and cared for to maintain maximum genetic purity.
    • Hand pollination is also used to increase nucleus seed of non-inbred lines, with careful examination of sibbed ears for off-types.
    • Breeder's seed of non-inbred lines is produced by using seed from nucleus seed and caring for it in isolated fields to maintain genetic purity.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of crop harvesting and testing procedures with this quiz. Learn about the best timing for pulling out plants, proper storage methods, and the examination of samples for yield results.

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