Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which species of Cronobacter is most commonly associated with neonatal infections?
Which species of Cronobacter is most commonly associated with neonatal infections?
- Cronobacter turicensis
- Cronobacter malonaticus
- Cronobacter muytjensii
- Cronobacter sakazakii (correct)
What characteristic distinguishes Cronobacter spp. from Enterobacter spp. in laboratory testing?
What characteristic distinguishes Cronobacter spp. from Enterobacter spp. in laboratory testing?
- Color of colonies produced
- Resistance to antibiotics
- Voges-Proskauer test results (correct)
- Incubation temperature
What fermentation reaction is positive for Cronobacter spp.?
What fermentation reaction is positive for Cronobacter spp.?
- Sorbitol
- D-arabitol (correct)
- Sucrose (correct)
- D-sorbitol
What type of infections is Cronobacter malonaticus most commonly associated with?
What type of infections is Cronobacter malonaticus most commonly associated with?
Which antibiotic is Cronobacter intrinsically resistant to?
Which antibiotic is Cronobacter intrinsically resistant to?
Flashcards
Cronobacter
Cronobacter
A genus of opportunistic pathogens consisting of 10 species, with C. sakazakii and C. malonaticus being clinically significant.
Cronobacter sakazakii
Cronobacter sakazakii
A specific species within the Cronobacter genus, known for causing infections in neonates.
Cronobacter malonaticus
Cronobacter malonaticus
A specific species within the Cronobacter genus, often causing infections in adults.
AmpC beta-lactamase
AmpC beta-lactamase
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Voges-Proskauer test
Voges-Proskauer test
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Study Notes
Cronobacter Genus Overview
- Cronobacter is a group of opportunistic pathogens, including 10 species.
- Clinically relevant species include Cronobacter malonaticus, Cronobacter muytjensii, Cronobacter sakazakii, and Cronobacter turicensis.
- Previously considered a single species (Enterobacter sakazakii), genetic testing revealed greater diversity.
- C. sakazakii is linked to neonatal infections, while C. malonaticus is associated with adult infections.
Pathogenicity and Symptoms
- Cronobacter spp. cause bacteremia, meningitis, and necrotizing colitis in neonates.
- C. sakazakii's association with neonatal infections may be linked to metabolizing sialic acid in breast milk, infant formula, and other materials.
- The bacteria produces mucoid colonies, resembling Enterobacter and Klebsiella species in culture.
- A yellow pigment is produced, which intensity increases with incubation at 25°C.
Differentiation from Other Bacteria
- Differentiation of Cronobacter from Enterobacter is possible through Voges-Proskauer tests.
- Other key fermentation reactions include:
- D-sorbitol: negative
- Raffinose: positive
- L-rhamnose: positive
- Melibiose: positive
- D-arabitol: positive
- Sucrose: positive
- Some commercial kits/systems fail to differentiate Cronobacter at the species level, leading to misidentification of clinical cases.
Antibiotic Resistance
- Cronobacter species are intrinsically resistant to ampicillin and first & second generation cephalosporins due to an inducible AmpC chromosomal beta-lactamase.
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