Crohn's Disease vs Ulcerative Colitis

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Questions and Answers

What is the most common location for the condition described?

Ascending colon

Descending colon

Sigmoid colon (correct)

Transverse colon

Which dietary factor significantly increases the risk of developing the condition mentioned?

High-sugar diet

Low-fat diet

High-protein diet

Low-fiber diet (correct)

What symptom is least likely associated with the condition described?

Lower gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage

Constipation alternating with diarrhea

Severe headaches (correct)

Iron deficiency anemia

How does age relate to the incidence of the condition?

Incidence increases with age Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms can occur due to the condition?

Left lower quadrant abdominal cramping Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of cases is disease limited to the small intestine alone?

40% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following features is commonly seen in Crohn's disease?

Skip lesions Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic appearance of the diseased tissue in Crohn's disease?

Cobblestone appearance Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following microscopic features is indicative of active Crohn's disease?

Abundant neutrophils infiltrating epithelium Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is commonly found in patients with Crohn's disease?

Fissures Signup and view all the answers

What gene mutation is associated with juvenile polyposis?

LKB1/STK11 Signup and view all the answers

Which mutation is specifically related to juvenile polyps and increased cancer risk?

SMAD4 Signup and view all the answers

What is the most prevalent type of cancer in the United States in terms of incidence and mortality?

Colonic adenocarcinoma Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cancers is NOT specifically mentioned as having an increased risk due to SMAD4 mutation?

Breast adenocarcinoma Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a consequence of juvenile polyposis?

Increased risk of lung cancer Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of Ulcerative Colitis morphology?

Involves the rectum and extends to the entire colon in a continuous manner Signup and view all the answers

Which description fits the appearance of colonic mucosa in Ulcerative Colitis?

Slightly red, granular-appearing, or with extensive broad-based ulcers Signup and view all the answers

What are Pseudopolyps in the context of Ulcerative Colitis?

Regenerating mucosal areas observed during healing Signup and view all the answers

What histologic features are commonly found in Ulcerative Colitis?

Crypt abscesses, crypt distortion, and inflammatory infiltrates Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding mural thickening in Ulcerative Colitis?

Mural thickening is absent Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome?

Melanin pigmentation of the oral mucosa Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cancers is NOT associated with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome?

Prostate cancer Signup and view all the answers

What type of genetic inheritance is Peutz-Jeghers syndrome associated with?

Autosomal dominant Signup and view all the answers

What primary type of polyps are associated with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome?

Hamartomatous polyps Signup and view all the answers

In addition to the small intestine, which other organ is at increased risk for cancer in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome?

Uterus Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Crohn Disease

Disease is limited to the small intestine alone in about 40% of cases.
Multiple, separate, sharply delineated areas of disease, resulting in skip lesions.
Strictures are common.
Cobblestone appearance in which diseased tissue is depressed below the level of normal mucosa.
Fissures
Active Crohn disease show abundant neutrophils that infiltrate and damage crypt epithelium.
Noncaseating granulomas in approximately 35% of cases.

Ulcerative Colitis

Always involves the rectum and extends proximally in a continuous fashion to involve part or the entire colon.
Colonic mucosa may be slightly red and granular-appearing or exhibit extensive broad-based ulcers.
Pseudopolyps: regenerating mucosa.
Mural thickening is absent, the serosal surface is normal, and strictures do not occur.
Histologic features are similar to those in colonic Crohn's disease: inflammatory infiltrates, crypt abscesses, crypt distortion, and epithelial metaplasia.
Incidence increases with age
Major risk factor is a low-fiber diet, which leads to increased intraluminal pressure.
Most common location is sigmoid colon.
Can cause constipation alternating with diarrhea, left lower quadrant abdominal cramping and discomfort, occult bleeding and an iron deficiency anemia, or lower gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage.
Associated with an increased risk of cancer at other sites, including the endometrium and the ovary.

Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome

Autosomal dominant condition characterized by multiple hamartomatous polyps (primarily in the small intestine).
Melanin pigmentation of the oral mucosa.
Increased risk of cancer at numerous sites including the lung, pancreas, breast, and uterus.
LKB1/STK11 gene mutation.

Juvenile Polyposis

SMAD4 mutation.
Presents with juvenile polyps.
Increased risk for gastric, small-intestinal, colonic, and pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Colonic Adenocarcinoma

Third most common tumor in the United States, in terms of incidence and mortality.

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Description

This quiz compares and contrasts Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, two forms of inflammatory bowel disease. It covers common symptoms, histological features, and the specific characteristics of each condition. Test your knowledge on these important gastrointestinal disorders!