Theories of punishment

<p>Less punishment may be warranted to achieve utilitarian goals. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can create conflicts between retributive and utilitarian principles. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Continental doctrine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prevention (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They may weaken the justification for punishment. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The social risk posed by the offender (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When it prevents future crimes with no lesser evil alternative (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The severity of punishment should not exceed the harm of the crime if unpunished (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The measurement of the goal of prevention in practice (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stigmatization of offenders post-punishment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It treats punishment as a social protective measure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Preventing future crimes effectively (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It must not cause greater harm than the crime itself would if unpunished (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Punishment is perceived as an intrinsically good act. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because past events leave irrevocable traces. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All offenders gain unjustified advantages from their crimes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Moral norms cannot solely derive from feelings of revenge. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Why should punishment be inflicted in the first place? (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Criminal acts do not always yield clear advantages. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reintegration is often met with resistance from society. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They foster a clearer understanding of justice among victims. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

These theories combine retributive and utilitarian justifications for punishment, aiming to mitigate the shortcomings of each.

Justification for punishment is retribution, but utilitarian considerations limit the severity. Punishment might be avoided altogether due to utilitarian reasons.

Justification for punishment is prevention, but retributive principles ensure fairness (proportionality and guilt).

A type of hybrid theory where retribution is the general justification but it can be reduced or avoided based on utility.

Despite trying to resolve conflicts between retribution and utilitarianism, mixed theories sometimes face difficulties in balancing these approaches.

A theory that focuses on fairness and proportionality in punishment, centering on the idea of deserved retribution for wrongdoing.

A theory of punishment focused on the beneficial consequences that emerge from an action, emphasizing the overall public good.

The severity of punishment should match the seriousness of the crime committed.

Theories that view punishment as a tool to prevent crime and protect society, focusing on consequences rather than the moral wrongness of the act.

The principle that punishment should only be used as a last resort, when less severe measures are insufficient to prevent future crimes.

Theories that justify punishment based on its ability to prevent future crime and maximize societal well-being.

These theories are criticized because the effectiveness of punishment in preventing crime is difficult to measure and there may be unintended negative consequences.

The tendency of an offender to re-offend after being released from prison or other forms of punishment.

Factors within the punishment system that can worsen or create criminal behavior rather than reduce it.

A metaphor highlighting how prison can sometimes expose individuals to more criminal influences, potentially increasing their likelihood of re-offending.

The idea that punishing offenders is inherently good, regardless of its effects.

The argument that punishment aims to undo the crime and restore the status quo before it occurred.

The idea that punishment restores the equilibrium disrupted by the crime, where offenders gain an unfair advantage.

This theory suggests that punishment fulfills the desire for revenge felt by victims and society.

The common view that punishment is not inherently good, but rather a necessary means to achieve a greater good.

A belief or doctrine that cannot be proven or disproven, often used to criticize the idea that punishment is intrinsically good.

The argument that punishment cannot truly erase the effects of crime as the past is indelible.

This criticism cautions against using punishment (a wrong) to rectify another wrong.