Criticism: Theory and Practice for Fourth Year

Readers bring their own experiences and perspectives to a text, creating unique interpretations.

This approach analyzes literature by focusing on the author's life and the historical context surrounding the work.

Understanding the author's life and the historical context helps us grasp the meaning and message of the work.

Literature is created in a specific time and place and reflects societal issues and concerns.

Art shouldn't be analyzed only as abstract ideas; consider its historical and social context.

A school of literary criticism that emphasizes the relationship between literature and its historical context.

Literary works often reflect the social and political realities of their times.

Famous examples of literary works that highlight historical and societal themes.

New Historicists see all texts, literary or non-literary, as products of their time and culture.

New Historicism emphasizes understanding the cultural and social context surrounding a text.

New Historicists believe history itself can be analyzed as a form of text, shaped by the perspectives and biases of its creators.

New Historicists argue that history writing is an interpretative activity, not a neutral recording of facts.

New Historicists use methods of historical investigation, but they also draw on insights from post-structuralism, cultural anthropology, and other fields.

New Historicists study texts, such as those from the Renaissance, not just as works of literature but as historical documents.

Greenblatt's studies, like "Renaissance Self-Fashioning," exemplify New Historicism's focus on understanding social life and power in the Renaissance through literary texts.

New Historicists apply their methods to analyze contemporary works too, like Arundhati Roy's novels, examining how power operates and how resistance emerges.

Examining literary works solely based on the text itself, without considering outside factors like authorial intent or historical context.

The emphasis on analyzing a literary work's internal structure, patterns, and elements within the text itself.

The belief that all necessary information for understanding a literary work resides solely within the text.

The study of how words, figures of speech (like metaphors and similes), and symbols interact and create meaning within a text.

Identifying recurring patterns, structures, and relationships in a literary work, beyond just the words themselves.

Recognizing the difference between how language is used in literature and how it's used in everyday conversation.

The belief that literary language is distinct from everyday language because it uses words in creative and symbolic ways.

The study of the internal structure and organization of a literary work, analyzing the relationships between various elements.

A universal pattern or symbol that represents a common human experience, thought, or behavior.

The unconscious part of the mind that contains universal, inherited patterns of behavior, images, and symbols.

The archetype that represents the wise, rational, and self-aware aspect of the human psyche.

The archetype that represents the nurturing, caring, and maternal aspect of the human psyche.

The process of integrating the conscious and unconscious aspects of the personality to become a whole, authentic self.

The dark, negative, and repressed aspects of the personality. It’s the hidden side we don’t want to admit to.

The process of confronting and integrating the shadow into consciousness.

The act of using humor to cope with difficult or challenging situations.

A poetic device where a line continues onto the next without punctuation, creating a sense of flow and tension.

A poetic device where the speaker addresses an absent person or thing directly.

The repetition of vowel sounds within words close to one another to create a musical effect.

A literary device where the writer uses language to convey a meaning opposite to its literal sense.

A comparison between two unlike things that doesn't use 'like' or 'as'.

Represents power, legacy, and command, showcasing the fleeting nature of such elements.

The contrast between Ozymandias' boasting words on the pedestal and his ruined statue.

The poem highlights the sculptor's skill, which outlasts the king's power.

The process of becoming a complete and integrated individual, realizing one's full potential.

A character who represents wisdom, guidance, and knowledge, often appearing to help the protagonist.

The psychological process of confronting and integrating one's shadow self, the darker aspects of personality.

The tendency of individuals to suppress their negative feelings and traits to maintain a positive self-image.

The process of integrating one's own personal experiences and beliefs with the universal archetypes, leading to self-discovery and growth.