Critical Reading and Thinking Strategies

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes critical reading?

  • Analyzing a text to understand the author's purpose and effectiveness. (correct)
  • Focusing solely on the grammatical correctness of the text.
  • Accepting the author's words at face value without question.
  • Reading as quickly as possible to get through the material.

Critical thinking involves only accepting obvious information.

False (B)

What reading strategy involves figuring out the meaning of unfamiliar words by examining the surrounding text?

  • Context clues (correct)
  • Scanning
  • Skimming
  • Mapping

The term for quickly looking at the most frequently repeated words in a text to understand the main idea is ______.

<p>skimming</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which reading strategy is best for locating specific details within a text?

<p>Scanning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mapping is a reading strategy used for remembering essential information from a text.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of mapping as a reading strategy?

<p>To determine the main idea from supporting details.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the KWL reading strategy, what does 'W' stand for?

<p>What I Want to Know (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a hasty generalization fallacy?

<p>Claiming that all students fail because one student failed. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a 'false analogy' entail in the context of writer's claims?

<p>Making a comparison where the two items are not similar. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Begging the question involves providing solid evidence to support a claim.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Introducing irrelevant information to divert the topic is a fallacy known as a ______.

<p>red herring</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which fallacy is committed when someone claims an argument is valid simply because an authority figure supports it?

<p>Appeal to authority (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define the fallacy of circular reasoning.

<p>Restating an argument without providing support.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following claim types with their descriptions:

<p>Fact = Claiming that a particular statement is true. Policy = Claiming that something should be implemented. Value = Claiming that an argument is important.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of text development, what are Hypertexts?

<p>Texts with links to other texts, common in online writing. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An intertext occurs when a writer avoids using ideas from other texts for simplicity.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of formulating an assertion of a text in writing text evaluations?

<p>To examine and assess the overall quality text.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In writing text evaluations, using courteous and polite tone in criticizing includes modals, frequency adverbs, and ______ adverbs.

<p>probability</p> Signup and view all the answers

Within the framework of determining textual evidence, which of the following exemplifies objective evidence?

<p>Statistical data from a scientific study within the text. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Critical Thinking

Looking beyond what is obvious to foresee possible outcomes.

Critical Reading

Analyzing text to determine the author's purpose and its achievement.

Context Clues

Using surrounding words to infer the meaning of an unknown word.

Skimming for Main Idea

Quickly identifying the most frequently repeated words.

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Scanning

Quickly reading text until specific information is located.

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Mapping Ideas

Determining the main idea from supporting details by creating idea maps.

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Hypertexts

A common online text format with embedded links to other texts.

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Intertexts

When a writer uses ideas from another text to aid understanding.

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Objective Evidence

The solid support of a text based on factual information.

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Subjective Evidence

Evidence in a text that is non-measurable and unspecific.

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Hasty Generalization

Concluding without sufficient evidence.

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False Analogy

Misleading comparison due to non-comparable cases.

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Begging the Question

Presenting an argument as an already established fact.

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Red Herring

Introducing irrelevant information to distract from the main topic.

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Bandwagon Fallacy

Claiming something is true because everyone is doing it.

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Appeal to Authority

Claiming an argument is valid simply because an authority supports it.

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Circular Reasoning

Restating the argument without providing actual support.

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SQ3R Reading Strategy

Survey, question, read, recite, and review.

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KWL Reading Strategy

Determining what you know, want to know, and have learned.

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Hedges

Courteous and polite language used to express uncertainty or caution.

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Study Notes

  • Critical reading involves analyzing the text to determine the author's purpose and assessing whether the author achieves that purpose.
  • Critical thinking involves looking beyond the obvious and anticipating potential outcomes of an action.

Strategies in Reading

  • Context clues can help determine the meaning of unfamiliar words.

Context clues include

  • Synonyms.
  • Antonyms.
  • Meaning or definition.
  • General context.

Other reading strategies

  • Skimming helps find the main idea by identifying frequently repeated words
  • Scanning is used to find specific details by quickly reading until the target information is located
  • Mapping determines the main idea from supporting details by visually connecting ideas
  • Using graphic organizers organizes ideas
  • KWL is used to read a long text
    • It is done by determining what you know, what you want to know, and what you have learned from the text
  • SQ3R helps remember essential information
    • It is done by surveying, questioning, reading, reciting, and reviewing the texts

Fallacies in Writer's Claims

  • Hasty generalization is concluding without enough basis or proof
  • A false analogy is making a misleading comparison between incomparable cases
  • Begging the question involves considering an argument as fact
  • Red herring introduces irrelevant information to divert the topic
  • Bandwagon involves stating that everyone should do the same thing
  • Appeal to authority involves claiming an argument is supported by an authority
  • Circular reasoning involves restating the argument without providing support

Claims Made in a Text can be

  • Fact: Claims that a particular statement is true
  • Value: Claims that an argument is something important
  • Policy: Claims that something should be implemented

Context of Text Development

  • Hypertext: Common in online writings, where a text is linked to another text
  • Intertext: Incorporates ideas from another text for easier understanding

Writing Text Evaluations

  • A text evaluations involves developing an assertion about the text,
  • Determine if the text is useful, significant, important, insightful, detailed, up-to-date, etc.
  • Create a counterclaim
    • In a counterclaim remember values of hedges
  • Obesity is caused by the bad food choices that the food industry offers
    • Is different to: obesity is probably caused by the bad food choices that the food industry offers

Textual Evidence can be

  • Objective evidence: Includes specific, factual information like scores, quantity, and percentages
  • Subjective evidence: Includes immeasurable and nonspecific evidence

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