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Questions and Answers
What does CPR stand for?
What does CPR stand for?
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
What is one of the primary causes of cardiac arrest?
What is one of the primary causes of cardiac arrest?
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of cardiac arrest?
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of cardiac arrest?
What are the three basic vital functions involved in CPR?
What are the three basic vital functions involved in CPR?
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The first step in the BLS sequence is to ________.
The first step in the BLS sequence is to ________.
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What should you do if a person is unresponsive but breathing?
What should you do if a person is unresponsive but breathing?
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It is safe to provide care if a conscious person does not give approval.
It is safe to provide care if a conscious person does not give approval.
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How many chest compressions are performed in the BLS sequence before rescue breaths?
How many chest compressions are performed in the BLS sequence before rescue breaths?
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What is the role of early CPR in the Chain of Survival?
What is the role of early CPR in the Chain of Survival?
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The first step in resuscitation is to restore __________.
The first step in resuscitation is to restore __________.
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Study Notes
CardioPulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) Overview
- CPR is a critical emergency first-aid procedure to sustain respiration and blood circulation when vital functions fail.
- Hypoxia is commonly associated with cases requiring CPR.
Causes of Cardiac Arrest
- Cardiac causes include:
- Ischemic heart disease (myocardial infarction)
- Arrhythmias
- Electrolytic disorders
- Valvular disease
- Cardiac tamponade
- Pulmonary artery thromboembolism
- Ruptured aortic aneurysm
- Extracardiac causes include:
- Airway obstruction
- Acute respiratory failure
- Shock
- Reflector cardiac arrest
- Various embolisms
- Drug overdose, electrocution, and poisoning
Diagnosis of Cardiac Arrest
- Diagnostic methods include:
- Blood pressure measurement
- Pulse check on peripheral arteries
- Auscultation of cardiac sounds
- Symptoms indicating cardiac arrest:
- Absence of pulse on carotid arteries
- Respiratory arrest occurring within 30 seconds
- Pupil enlargement (mydriasis) in approximately 90 seconds
Main Stages of Resuscitation
- Follow the C-B-A-D approach:
- Circulation: Restore circulation with external cardiac massage.
- Breathing: Initiate artificial ventilation of the lungs.
- Airway: Ensure airway is clear, possibly via tracheal intubation.
- Differentiation, Drugs, Fibrillation: Conduct a differential diagnosis, administer medication, and use electric defibrillation if necessary.
Signs of Cardiac Arrest
- Key indicators:
- Unconsciousness within seconds
- Respiratory arrest (apnea)
- Absence of pulse
- Changes in general appearance (color, facial changes)
- Pupil dilation (mydriasis)
Chain of Survival
- Essential components for optimal outcomes include:
- Early access to emergency services
- Early CPR
- Early defibrillation
- Advanced care
Basic Life Support (BLS) Sequence
- Respond to an unresponsive victim:
- Kneel beside the victim.
- Shake shoulders and ask, “Are you fine?”
- If responsive, monitor regularly and do not physically intervene if no approval is given.
- For unresponsive individuals:
- Shout for help and open the airway.
- Check breathing by looking, listening, and feeling for normal breathing (eupnea).
Performing Chest Compressions in Children Over 1 Year
- Position above the child’s chest; place one hand on the lower third of the sternum.
- Compress straight down, avoiding the upper abdomen.
BLS Sequence Steps for Unresponsive Victim
- Unresponsive: Shout for help, open the airway, check breathing.
- Call for emergency assistance (112).
- Administer 30 chest compressions followed by 2 rescue breaths:
- Pinch the nose and provide rescue breaths while ensuring a tight seal over the mouth.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of CardioPulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) as part of the Critical Care Nursing program for fourth-year students at Al Ameed University. It includes definitions, techniques, and the importance of CPR in emergency situations. Test your knowledge and understanding of this life-saving procedure.
