Ch. 5 Operations During Crisis

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Questions and Answers

Initially, how will Army combat power be primarily utilized during a crisis?

Offensive operations to rapidly defeat the adversary.

Defensive operations to hold key positions until reinforcements arrive. (correct)

Strategic airstrikes to weaken the adversary's infrastructure.

Cyberattacks to disrupt the adversary's communication networks.

Which of these actors are limited in their ability to operate without significant support from their sponsors during a crisis?

Separatist Groups (correct)

Proxy Forces

Adversary Forces

Criminal Networks

What is one way that adversary forces may attempt to control the escalation of a crisis and avoid armed conflict with the United States?

Initiating actions to prevent or counter a U.S. response. (correct)

Increasing support to proxy forces.

Accelerating operational timelines.

All of the above

What is the ultimate goal of building up Army combat power during a crisis?

To create a credible threat to deter further adversary action. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What kind of information activities are particularly important during a crisis?

Protecting friendly information and degrading the adversary's ability to communicate. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following methods might an adversary use to undermine US deterrence efforts?

Employing information warfare to spread misinformation about US capabilities. (C) Signup and view all the answers

How might adversary forces attempt to shape a crisis situation, despite the limitations of proxy forces?

By utilizing proxy forces to carry out actions that shape the crisis situation. (C) Signup and view all the answers

In a well-developed theater, how are Army combat power and partner forces typically integrated?

Army forces will be deployed to support partner forces in defensive operations. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is one way that adversary forces may mitigate US deterrence efforts?

By conducting limited attacks to expose vulnerabilities in US forces. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key advantage of having a credible land force during a crisis?

It maximizes the deterrent potential of Army forces, discouraging adversary action. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What could be a possible consequence of adversary forces initiating a crisis in another theater?

It could distract US forces and diffuse their response in the area of greatest interest. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of strategic messaging during a crisis?

To undermine the adversary's credibility and legitimacy through exposing violations. (A) Signup and view all the answers

How do commanders leverage information advantages during a crisis?

By leading their staffs to refine information activities based on existing plans and processes. (C) Signup and view all the answers

How could adversary forces undermine the credibility of deployed US forces?

By conducting limited attacks to expose vulnerabilities in US forces. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is one example of a tactic adversary forces might use to set fait accompli conditions on the ground?

Deploying troops and equipment to a disputed territory. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential challenge to military operations at the operational and tactical levels during a crisis?

Limited experience and coordination between units from different alliances or coalitions. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of a division during a crisis?

To provide a credible coercive force as a combined arms formation. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of deploying a brigade during a crisis, compared to deploying a corps or division?

Brigades are more mobile and can deploy more quickly. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What tasks might a division complete during the initial stages of deployment in a crisis?

Conducting defensive, security, and stability tasks. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of staging areas for subordinate divisions and brigades during crisis?

To allow for the dispersal of troops into tactical formations for maintenance, loading munitions, and other tasks. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What activities might a division conduct to demonstrate capabilities as part of crisis response?

Participating in joint exercises with multinational partners. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What kind of orders could a brigade receive in preparation for a potential crisis?

Orders to prepare to deploy or conduct emergency deployment readiness exercises. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are two types of formations that a brigade may deploy as part of a Force Deployment Operation (FDO) or Force Rapid Operations (FRO) during a crisis?

BCT (Brigade Combat Team) or Functional Brigade. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the statement, "In an immature theater, a division headquarters should be prepared to accommodate the command structure of the next higher echelon until that echelon’s systems are in place." ?

The command structure of a theater may change significantly during the early stages of deployment. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary responsibility of the corps staff in relation to deployment?

Planning the integration and synchronization of operations (C) Signup and view all the answers

How does a corps commander influence the tailoring of subordinate units?

By providing input on the required skill sets and equipment (C) Signup and view all the answers

In uncertain threat conditions, what is the primary challenge in assigning initial staging areas and movement routes?

Balancing force protection with building combat power (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of planning for dispersion of subordinate units along routes and within assembly areas?

To minimize the impact of enemy attacks on the force (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the corps staff in managing the time-phased force and deployment list?

Serving as the primary Army interface for the deployment list. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors can extend the mobilization timeline for Army forces?

Damage inflicted across the strategic support area by a threat force. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary challenge faced by leaders when deploying forces into a theater with partner nations?

Overcoming cultural differences to establish a shared understanding of the situation. (C) Signup and view all the answers

How does the military support unified action partners during a crisis?

By developing and implementing flexible deterrent and response options. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a Flexible Deterrent Option (FDO)?

To deter potential adversaries from engaging in hostile actions. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a Flexible Response Option (FRO)?

A specific military capability designed to react to an enemy threat or attack. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How are FDOs and FROs implemented?

Through a combination of diplomatic, informational, military, and economic measures. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of integrating and implementing FDOs and FROs simultaneously?

It allows for a more rapid and effective response to a crisis. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for U.S. forces to demonstrate readiness for combat operations and interoperability with allied and partner forces?

To deter adversaries from engaging in hostile actions. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does the theater army's liaison networks contribute to interoperability?

By facilitating in-theater training exercises with deployed Army forces. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Operations During Crisis

A crisis is an incident or situation involving a threat to the United States, its citizens, military forces, or vital interests that develops rapidly and creates a condition of such diplomatic, economic, or military importance that commitment of military forces and resources is contemplated to achieve national objectives (JP 3-0).
A crisis may be the result of adversary actions or indicators of imminent action, or it may be the result of natural or human disasters. During a crisis, opponents are not yet using lethal force as the primary means for achieving their objectives.
Crisis response operations are characterized by high degrees of volatility and uncertainty.
Success during a crisis is a return to a state of competition in which the United States, its allies, and its partners are in positions of increased advantage relative to the adversary.
Adversaries frequently act aggressively to coerce and intimidate their opponents, attempting to shape and control the situation to limit or prevent a U.S. military response.
Adversary activities may include information warfare, precluding U.S. joint force actions, diplomatic, economic, and information means to divide opponent’s political leadership from its civilian population.
Methods may include promoting distrust and division among groups, positioning forces to increase uncertainty, and complicating decision-making for opponents.
Adversaries may use proxy forces for information warfare, unconventional warfare, and criminal activities, though their utility in crisis differs from competition.

Physical Advantages During Crisis

Achieving physical advantage during crisis involves working with host-nation forces to form a credible defense and ensuring the survivability of allied forces in theater.
If there is key or decisive terrain, Army forces and host-nation partners may seek to deter adversaries by setting a defense.
Army forces assume conflict is imminent and take all available measures to protect against attack in every domain.
During crisis, Army combat power might be initially limited to forward-stationed forces, forces which can draw pre-positioned stocks quickly, and forces used to threaten adversary forces.

Information Advantages During Crisis

Two key information activities are protecting friendly information and degrading the threat's ability to communicate effectively.
Examples include strategic messaging to undermine adversary credibility.
Commanders prioritize refining information activities based on existing plans and procedures during competition.
Information activities in a crisis environment include measures like establishing a mission partner environment and refining common operating procedures with allies.

Human Advantages During Crisis

Enduring relationships with allies and coalitions are established on strategic levels, but operational and tactical level experience collaborating might be less developed and need improvement.
Leaders must ensure understanding and efficiency in working with allied forces, while also acknowledging logistical differences in cultures.
Training exercises with allied forces are important to establish interoperability and to demonstrate determination to adversaries.

Activities to Mitigate US Deterrence

Adversaries consider actions that might mitigate U.S. defense efforts to ensure their operations do not significantly interfere with their interests.
This might include conducting limited attacks, disrupting deployments, and exploiting gaps in national interests.

Operations Security

Operations security is crucial for success in a crisis.
Continuous employments of operations security processes limit adversary ability to discern friendly intent.
Key preventative measures include minimizing EM emissions, careful use of personal devices, and limiting communications on C2 systems.

Relative Advantages During Crisis

Army forces capitalize on knowledge and experience gained during competition.
Critical factors of transition into crisis will likely include chaotic circumstances and rapid response requirements that necessitate adaptation.
Army forces build upon competitive advantages, such as information, human, and physical advantages, and mitigate friction from these situations.

Activities to Control Escalation

Peer adversaries may attempt to control the escalation of a crisis by preventing/countering a U.S. response using diplomatic, information, or economic instruments.
Escalation control may involve setting fait accompli conditions on the ground, using information warfare, increasing support to proxy forces, and increasing the number of forward deployed or deploying units to a region.
These actions might aim to discourage U.S. or allied military responses, and potentially distract from the primary crisis area.

Effective Crisis Response

Effective crisis responses involves convincing adversaries that deployed forces can significantly reduce their chances of success.
Adversaries measure the ability of these forces by observing how well they are prepared for large-scale combat operations and the impact they introduce into specific situations.

Force Projection

The ability to project Army forces into an operational area is an essential aspect of conventional deterrence, relying mainly on joint lift capabilities.
Army ground forces during a crisis can provide enduring options for JFCs over other force types.
Army force presence and projection in a theater can create tactical and operational challenges for any potential adversarial forces.
Proactive deployment of Army forces in a crisis can preclude the need for large force deployment later in the crisis.

Protection During Crisis

U.S. Command Installation Management is vital in protecting active and deploying units.
Garrison commanders ensure the protection of deploying units from home station to port of embarkation, during movement, and after arrival at ports of debarkation.
Commanders plan protection measures for their units throughout the deployment process.

Reception, Staging, Onward Movement & Integration (RSOI)

RSOI delivers combat power to a JFC.
RSOI is a theater-level task demanding coordination between units, theater sustainment, host nations, and commercial entities.
Reception focuses on receiving, offloading, marshalling forces, and transporting personnel, equipment, and materiel.
Staging includes assembling, holding, and organizing arriving personnel, equipment, and materiel prior to onward movement.
Onward movement transports units from reception facilities to tactical assembly areas or operating areas.

Army Echelon Responsibilities During Crisis

All Army echelons have significant responsibilities in crisis response and conduct reconnaissance, liaison, and troop preparation activities as required.
Early in a crisis, units may be involved in outside planning meetings to gather intelligence and prepare for movement and combat.

Corps Roles During Crisis

Corps headquarters initially acts as a tactical headquarters for arriving forces.
Should crisis become armed conflict, corps headquarters could potentially function as a field army equivalent.
Corps headquarters plans operations from mobilization through redeployment assessing threat capabilities and force advantages.
Corps staff provides a critical interface to manage numerous time-phased force and deployment details.

Division Roles During Crisis

Division headquarters activities mirror those of corps headquarters, including roles within operations from mobilization to redeployment, force tailoring, and training.
Initial roles during a crisis might be focused on defense, security, and stability.
Divisions could receive short-notice training tasks and exercises with multinational partners.

Brigade Roles During Crisis

Brigades offer a flexible and potentially rapidly deployable tactical option for crisis management compared to corps or division roles.
Rapidly deployable options like a BCT (for example), could be sent quickly into an area.
During a crisis, the threat level is continually assessed to ensure any operational deployment balances security and flexibility.

Consolidating Gains/Transitioning Back to Competition

Consolidation of gains and transition back to a period of competition requires an active defense and maintaining an enhanced force presence within a theater.
Army forces may continue to support improvements to host nation capabilities, ensuring readiness in case of future crises or challenges to the stability.
Transitioning back to competition involves rebuilding partner nation institutions and capacities, and supporting efforts by allied nations.

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Description

This quiz explores the critical aspects of operations during a crisis. It covers definitions, characteristics, and strategies involved in responding to various threats facing the United States. Understanding these concepts is essential for effective crisis management and national security.