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Questions and Answers
What was a significant shift in the way crime was understood during the Enlightenment period?
What was a significant shift in the way crime was understood during the Enlightenment period?
Which of the following thinkers is NOT mentioned as a proponent of Enlightenment rationality?
Which of the following thinkers is NOT mentioned as a proponent of Enlightenment rationality?
How does Sykes define criminology?
How does Sykes define criminology?
What characterizes the emergence of social sciences during the nineteenth century?
What characterizes the emergence of social sciences during the nineteenth century?
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What does Sutherland and Cressey include in their definition of criminology?
What does Sutherland and Cressey include in their definition of criminology?
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What was a common characteristic of Enlightenment thinkers regarding human nature?
What was a common characteristic of Enlightenment thinkers regarding human nature?
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What was one of the key connections between reformers and the development of criminology?
What was one of the key connections between reformers and the development of criminology?
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What style of reasoning became prominent in the understanding of crime by the mid-nineteenth century?
What style of reasoning became prominent in the understanding of crime by the mid-nineteenth century?
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What does Freud's concept of the id represent in relation to crime?
What does Freud's concept of the id represent in relation to crime?
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Which theoretical perspective views crime as both functional and dysfunctional within society?
Which theoretical perspective views crime as both functional and dysfunctional within society?
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What happens when the id or superego overpowers the ego according to Freud?
What happens when the id or superego overpowers the ego according to Freud?
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Who are the main figures associated with the concept of functionalism in criminology?
Who are the main figures associated with the concept of functionalism in criminology?
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What central theme is emphasized in interactionalism criminology?
What central theme is emphasized in interactionalism criminology?
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Which of the following is NOT considered a theoretical perspective in criminology based on the content?
Which of the following is NOT considered a theoretical perspective in criminology based on the content?
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According to the functionalist perspective, how is crime categorized?
According to the functionalist perspective, how is crime categorized?
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What does functionalism suggest about the existence of crime in society?
What does functionalism suggest about the existence of crime in society?
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What is a key focus of the symbolic-integrationist theory?
What is a key focus of the symbolic-integrationist theory?
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According to Marxism criminology, what primarily influences criminal behaviour?
According to Marxism criminology, what primarily influences criminal behaviour?
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What does Carol Smart's feminist perspective suggest as the cause of crime?
What does Carol Smart's feminist perspective suggest as the cause of crime?
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What is considered criminal behaviour according to the content?
What is considered criminal behaviour according to the content?
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What does the phrase 'economic base determines superstructure' imply in Marxist theory?
What does the phrase 'economic base determines superstructure' imply in Marxist theory?
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In the feminist perspective of criminology, what leads to an increase in traditionally masculine behaviour?
In the feminist perspective of criminology, what leads to an increase in traditionally masculine behaviour?
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What was the primary assertion of the feminist criminology perspective?
What was the primary assertion of the feminist criminology perspective?
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How are behaviours categorized as non-criminal according to the provided content?
How are behaviours categorized as non-criminal according to the provided content?
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What is the primary focus of criminology?
What is the primary focus of criminology?
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Which disciplines contribute to the study of criminology?
Which disciplines contribute to the study of criminology?
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How is crime viewed within the study of criminology?
How is crime viewed within the study of criminology?
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What aspect of human behavior is criminology primarily concerned with?
What aspect of human behavior is criminology primarily concerned with?
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Which of the following is NOT a goal of criminology?
Which of the following is NOT a goal of criminology?
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What aspect does criminology analyze about individuals who commit crimes?
What aspect does criminology analyze about individuals who commit crimes?
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What does criminology differentiate itself from?
What does criminology differentiate itself from?
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What is one of the objectives of studying criminology?
What is one of the objectives of studying criminology?
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Which branch of criminology focuses on the rehabilitation of crime victims?
Which branch of criminology focuses on the rehabilitation of crime victims?
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What is the primary focus of criminalistics in the field of criminology?
What is the primary focus of criminalistics in the field of criminology?
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Which aspect is NOT considered in determining individual criminal behavior?
Which aspect is NOT considered in determining individual criminal behavior?
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In historical perspectives, crime was often viewed as what type of phenomenon?
In historical perspectives, crime was often viewed as what type of phenomenon?
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What was a primary concern regarding the explanation of why some individuals succumb to crime?
What was a primary concern regarding the explanation of why some individuals succumb to crime?
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Which of the following disciplines is NOT included in the study of criminology?
Which of the following disciplines is NOT included in the study of criminology?
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What type of literature contributed to the understanding of deviance during ancient and medieval periods?
What type of literature contributed to the understanding of deviance during ancient and medieval periods?
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What is the goal of empirical research within criminology?
What is the goal of empirical research within criminology?
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Study Notes
Criminology Definitions
- Criminology is a social science concerned with human behavior, particularly regarding crime and criminals.
- It's a multi-disciplinary field drawing on legal scholars, philosophers, biologists, psychiatrists, psychologists, and sociologists.
- Crime is viewed as a social construct, not an independent entity.
- Criminology aims to understand crime and criminal behavior, including its causes, prevention, and control.
Objectives
- Define criminology thoroughly.
- Specify the scope and nature of criminology.
- Understand societal norms and values.
- Explain how values influence crime.
What is Criminology?
- Criminology is the scientific study of crime.
- It's separate from criminal detection or forensic science.
- Criminologists primarily examine how and why crimes occur, rather than identifying perpetrators.
Branches of Criminology
- Penology: Study of punishment and penal sanctions.
- Victimology: Study and rehabilitation of crime victims.
- Criminalistics: Investigative methods and techniques for detecting crime.
- Administration of Criminal Justice: Deals with the courts and prisons.
- Empirical Research: Analyzes crime data (e.g., arrests, convictions, sentencing)
Psychoanalysis
- Crime and delinquency result from imbalances within the subconscious mind.
- The id (instinctual desires), ego (mediator), and superego (moral conscience) are central.
- Imbalances may lead to criminal or abnormal behavior.
Functionalism
- Criminology should consider the societal functions of crime and how it influences social structures.
- Crime can be functional (e.g., promoting social unity) or dysfunctional (undermining social order).
- Societal expectations and structures should be considered.
Interactionism
- Criminology should examine how individuals perceive crime in social interactions.
- Focuses on the symbolism of interactions.
- Looks at how social perceptions contribute to crime and behavior.
Marxism
- Crime arises from wider societal conditions, specifically political economy.
- Political economy shapes crime dynamics and societal structures.
- Economic inequality influences crime rates.
Feminism
- Economic disadvantage is a major cause of crime among women.
- Social, economic, and cultural liberation can decrease traditional female criminality.
Conclusion
- Criminologists mainly focus on criminal behavior as a social phenomenon.
- Offenses violating the law are considered crime.
- Certain actions, while potentially wrong, do not constitute crime in legal terms.
Assessment Exercise 1 Questions
- Discuss the interdisciplinary or intradisciplinary aspects of criminology, focusing on Nigeria.
- Detailed examination of the focus of a criminologist during an investigation.
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Description
This quiz explores the fundamental definitions and concepts of criminology. It covers the multi-disciplinary nature of the field, societal influences on crime, and the various branches within criminology. Ideal for anyone looking to deepen their understanding of crime and criminal behavior.
