Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following best illustrates an informal sanction?
Which of the following best illustrates an informal sanction?
- Being suspended from school for violating a policy.
- Experiencing disapproval, like a disapproving look, for cutting in line. (correct)
- Paying a court-ordered fine for a traffic violation.
- Receiving a prison sentence for theft.
Which scenario exemplifies an act that is considered deviant but not necessarily criminal?
Which scenario exemplifies an act that is considered deviant but not necessarily criminal?
- Consuming alcohol, against the social norms and values of society. (correct)
- Public intoxication.
- Using illegal drugs.
- Engaging in theft.
Which factor most directly explains the changing legality of adultery over time in the UK?
Which factor most directly explains the changing legality of adultery over time in the UK?
- The introduction of the Matrimonial Causes Act in 1973.
- Amendments to the Sexual Offences Act.
- The influence of Sharia law.
- Shifts in societal values and beliefs. (correct)
Which of the following scenarios highlights how the perception and legality of an act can vary by place?
Which of the following scenarios highlights how the perception and legality of an act can vary by place?
What best explains why polygamy's legality differs between the UK and countries like India or Malaysia?
What best explains why polygamy's legality differs between the UK and countries like India or Malaysia?
How do formal and informal sanctions primarily differ in their enforcement?
How do formal and informal sanctions primarily differ in their enforcement?
Which statement accurately distinguishes between criminality and deviance?
Which statement accurately distinguishes between criminality and deviance?
What shared element contributes to how laws, criminality, and deviance are perceived and altered across different societies?
What shared element contributes to how laws, criminality, and deviance are perceived and altered across different societies?
How does cultural heritage most significantly impact the legality and social acceptance of practices like polygamy?
How does cultural heritage most significantly impact the legality and social acceptance of practices like polygamy?
Given the changes to laws regarding homosexuality in the UK, what factor primarily drove this legal shift?
Given the changes to laws regarding homosexuality in the UK, what factor primarily drove this legal shift?
Flashcards
Formal Sanctions
Formal Sanctions
Rules imposed by official bodies like police, courts, and schools; prison sentences or community service.
Informal Sanctions
Informal Sanctions
Unspoken rules where disapproval is shown through actions like twitching or giving looks of disapproval.
Criminality
Criminality
Behavior forbidden by criminal law, proven by actus reus and mens rea; acts classified by seriousness and subject matter.
Deviance
Deviance
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Adultery
Adultery
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Homosexuality
Homosexuality
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Polygamy
Polygamy
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Study Notes
- Formal policy making is imposed by official bodies like police, courts, and schools.
- Formal sanctions include prison, community orders, suspension, and courts.
- Informal policymakers use unspoken rules to show disapproval in other ways, like telling-offs or gestures.
- Informal sanctions involve actions or decisions from others regarding one's behavior like twitching or ignoring someone.
Criminality vs. Deviance
- Criminality is behavior forbidden by criminal law, proven by the actor's reus and mens rea.
- Criminal acts are classified by seriousness (summary vs. indictable offences) and subject matter.
- Subject matter includes violence, property offenses, forgery, or drug offenses.
- Murder is a criminal act, judged within the legal system, considering the defendant's actions.
- Criminality does not always involve a victim and can be a victimless act like drug dealing.
- Deviance diverges from usual or accepted social/sexual standards.
- Drug use is deviant as it goes against social norms and values.
- Deviant behavior goes against principles or rules for how people should behave.
- Deviant behavior is always classed as deviant, and most criminal behavior is deviant by society.
How Laws Change Over Time, Place, and Culture
- Laws change due to factors like time; adultery serves as an example.
- Adultery is a sexual act between two people, one or both married to another person, definitions vary by culture.
- Adultery was illegal in the UK, but the Matrimonial Cause Act in 1857 changed this due to evolving beliefs.
- Now, adultery is deviant but not criminal in the UK but illegal in some countries, especially those with Sharia law plus some US states, Islamic countries, and the Philippines due to unchanging beliefs.
- Place influences laws; Homosexuality defined as sexual acts between members of the same sex is treated as a crime in some countries.
- The UK decriminalized private homosexual acts between men over 21 in the Sexual Offences Act 1967.
- Homosexuality is no longer illegal in the UK, but remains so in other places.
- Male homosexuality is illegal in 72 countries, lesbian relationships in 45 and six countries still impose the death penalty.
- These laws are influenced by religion, beliefs, and public opinions.
- Culture influences laws; Polygamy (having multiple spouses) is an example.
- UK prohibits polygamy due to the Matrimonial Causes Act 1973.
- Polygamy is legal in 58 countries, including India, Malaysia, and the Philippines.
- Some Muslim countries restrict polygamy due to religious interpretations.
- Laws vary by culture due to religious influence, historical traditions, and evolving social norms/values.
- Differing cultural beliefs determine what is criminal, deviant, or socially acceptable.
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