Criminal World: Fieldwork Ethics

Week 1

• This article explores fieldwork within a criminal world and illegal occurrences, raising issues of ethics and legality
• Researchers must consider professional and personal risks when involving themselves in criminal activities
• Jeff Ferrell conducted ethnographic research on graffiti artists in New York
• Verwevenheid makes complete detachment from the subject difficult
• The boundary between legal and illegal activities becomes blurred
• "Professional suicide" was the old view of similar research methods
• Criminologists should carefully assess which forms of criminality to approach and weigh their responsibilities to criminals, crime control, and victims
• Criminological verstehen means the subjective interpretation by the researcher
• Verstehen involves understanding meanings and emotions related to criminality, such as pleasure, pain, logic, and excitement
• Criminologists must be present during criminality
• Katz introduced the concept of the "foreground" of criminality, the immediate interaction where criminal activity occurs
• The foreground involves thrill of crimes like theft
• Ferrell's research showed the adrenaline rush that comes with graffiti
• Many crimes are accompanied by excitement and pleasure, driven by the heat of the moment instead of rational planning
• Criminological verstehen reveals specific moments of illegality, appreciating certain logics and emotions
• Verstehen enables a type of emotional empathy, allowing pleasure, excitement, and fear to inform analyses of criminality
• Verstehen leads to sociological research, including collective experiences, emotions, and meanings of those studied
• Verstehen is a valuable method for understanding experiences (excitement, pleasure, and fear)
• The borders between illegality and ethics are indicated by researchers, politics and justice
• Neutrality is challenging as researchers must choose to ally with the legal side or with the subjects, possibly breaching professional ethics
• It can be hard to distinguish between activism and ethnography

Cultural Criminology, Jeff Ferrell (1999)

• Cultural criminology shows increasing interest of criminologists in cultural constructs with a focus on mass media
• Kidd-Hewitt defined five key works that highlighted the main research on criminology and social control
• Cultural criminology connects with postmodernism
• Networks of connections and interfaces construct crime and its control, studied by cultural criminologists
• Ethnographic models come from sociology, criminology, cultural studies, and anthropology
• Criminological verstehen, derived from Weber's verstehen, offers a variation, translating to 'interpretive understand' and 'sympathetic participation'
• Grasping opinions, symbols, and emotions about crime are needed
• Analysis of texts and images looks at the portrayals of crime in music, television, or literary works
• Integrating ethnographic and textual analysis is necessary for studying criminal behavior, subcultures and criminality
• Label criminal behavior represents subcultural behavior
• Collective expressions and shared meanings of subcultures consist of conventions of appearance and presentation
• Internal personality aspects express cultural criminologists through style

Week 2

Chapter 8. Discourse Analysis

• The "linguistic turn" turns its attention to language
• Studies show that language offers knowledge about mankind and civilisation
• History and scientific methodologies create social groups and identities
• "Discourse analysis" gathers perspectives revealing our understanding of interactions
• Conversation analysts study what they call "talk-in-interaction" as individuals strive to make themselves comprehensible and coordinate in specific ways
• Research on structures in conversations reveals how social order and institutions are constructed
• Natural, not predetermined conversations will make for reliable analyses of doctor-patient interactions
• Conversation's essence is turn-taking, the back-and-forth through which people react to one another
• Critical discourse analyses posits that people's speech can only be understood when placed in a certain context
• The analysis of power and the impacts of power dynamics on social interactions are their main areas of attention
• Enomethodologists are interpretative sociologists that investigates how people generate local social order
• A local social order represents studies of the members' everyday methods
• Understanding what people do in real situations, as well as the procedures they use to establish social order, requires a detailed account of customs and interactions
• Abolitionists believed that labeling social behaviors as "criminality" was undesirable, because it catagorizes phenomena
• Calling something "criminality” defines it as a "problem" for the criminal justice system to solve first
• People use language to construct their world
• Tacit understanding of language is not neutral for practice, matters, objects, and situations
• We favor certain descriptions over others
• Criminologists can benefit when they grasp these classification processes

From language to discourse

• The concept of "discourse" modifies “language,"
• Discource analysis reveals how the world is
• Newspaper articles' layout with all its features is what we name "discourses"
• Linguistic studies, visual aspects, and acoustic data are incorporated into multimodal analyses
• The premise claims "meaning" arises from multimodal data as a whole
• Instead of only concentrating on communication technology, emphasis is placed on the multimodality of human connection

Five principles:

• Discource involves meaningful acts so investigation into any type of speech is required as well as a grasp as to who is speaking and why is it being said

• More attention has been paid to ethnographic approaches, such as multi-model critical discourse analysis MCDA, and multilodal discourse analysis MDA

• Categories are created for discourses to be presented and comprehended in a certain manner, hence it is constitutive

• "Meaning" is also not always dictated or the sole responsibility of those practiced, therefore discourses are not reflections

• We actively structure the world we are a part of through interpretation and are an inherent facet of that process in which people construct a shared social order, identities, habits, and cultures

• Discourses and the emic view are important

• Researcher should use methods that enable them to investigate how society is created and must consider the emic perspective

• "Insider's view" is an important concept in ethnography to avoid assessing the culture and language

• Discource is made of categorizations

• Groups will be different for each and because the categorizations exist a power struggle is taking place called politics of representation

• Comprehending human behavior in relation to discourse involves that behavior being considered within its appropriate context

• The situation of human action defines "context"

Week 3

The Sir Jimmy Savile Scandal

• The Sir Jimmy Savile scandal; Child sexual abuse and institutional denial at BBC involved the organization of the BBC
• It resulted from findings by Greer en McLaughlin In October 2012, after his passing, a released Suggessted he was also sexually abusing children
• Scandals confirm the professional conception of journalists as alert watchdogs driven by their commitment Corruption and wrong are discovered by journalists
• Newspapers try to be political through scandals There are two types:
  • Soft news scandals: breaking values
  • Hard news scandals: handeling by high profile authorities
• For the stages of scandal :
  • In the latent phase, abuse is not reported
  • In the activated phase a news organization shows off
• Cohen created three denail technicians:
  • Literal: data gets rejected
  • interpret: facts are not but gets a different menaing
  • implicit: facts gets no other meaning
• Jimmy was friends wil celebrites
• News night refused to analyse sexual abouse claims
• The effect of ' Savile; encouraged victims to also speak

A Narrative Criminological Perspective

• The cultural meaning of negotiations are covered with direct experiences , it means that crimes through series subjective sensetions to understand behaviors
• " to be there' is important for Versterhen
• Etnographical studies*
• They use participation in social actions are needed
• Versterhen can be seen as subjective interpretations by Reseacher Narrative crimeologists: importance to subjectivism. crime aloteology
• Culture Criminology*
• it takes various ways to find ethnography and fit into direct surrounding
• Need be with object all the time.
• Need to be understudend when u leave the cultural logic
• Going past the the knowledge u need to get feelings as research

Week 4

“We Weren't Like No Regular Dope Fiends”

• "crackhead" defines Someone who is not responsible
• Hustler and Crachhead identities are made by interaction between people
• identification happens when people start theem self in what their is called for not interested person then is the little difference between Hustlers and crackheads
• Living on the street has to makes make self concept concern
• Way to continue to involved when geting close -By Stories limits are made it
• the way to make them selfes different where in these 5 limits:
  • Being Clean: moreal and hygiene
  • Having things: Fashion
  • Being Cool: to give out violence
  • Being criminally able: ratinal knowleg
  • Haveing Heart: Know to save self .

Taking a beating"

• The 2 thrills of fighter

• 1st charismatic self-made by phsyical and emotionel

• self 2nd is the made storries

• Barwls mostly preformed by strange

• Verbal fight often the startes

  • Barwls do not result in bad self controle Steps

• going out

• inviting to act

• character contest to taunt the poeple The climex

• Its potencial naritive victory Conclusion: Individualy borders are made , Hustlers are distencing from other -Iidentities made by interaction , also cultrually

WEEK 5 Where Is This Going

• Narrative criminology is focused on on under belogied part of society: storys
• Definition: reserach on basies of display to support or end of damageactions
• All parts are importent for reserachs Besides philosophy theres is interest towards all other sciences.
• Narrative crime* - to know how to what storeys do

Also knwn: Narativel trerapie wich is that the indentity s part of a a long story Narite therapist trys too : " download" the storys by talking through

Levels of 3 on narritves that micrnate with cultrurel identities

• Narrative methode - what hapennend with gresham There core: expusese and how defient behafiors makes him rationalize
• By the why he is defient
• Distantie*: try to figere out why people had cominal behiaor an why their didnt
• Creaitie of this storrey can create presure*
• Narriteves , can makes peoples belive ther will always happend

Narrtevs of offendeds ; Presser2009

• Storys are how people tel ther storiess -Theosies for crime -Storys ar ethenporele ondering for happend evemn
• Ricoer discriptied Three relation for experienc
• Life is the same to whats happens
• Narrtive is the one how tel that
• Aspekts from what happend
• Thers is a narrative way to discript the data
• the w way how happend
• Agnew = story lines for crimanal mind
• 2ed:* - narratvie can bring the true
• Drid :* Narrative = always knwn for

Gerelateerde begrippe in crriminle :

• Neutrasalie and cogntive errous - uses fort he bad.
• **Narrativel crimal : the location storeys that who is and what going to the offense
• Can explain all typ of criominal
• Apilcible
• The storeys kan can give a understuding for other
• It wil s the realme teken
• All storieys can get collected

Conclusion: that a storeys are imporant . Storreys is middel

• Watteria 5 questions
• We can messure the storrey
• is stable ennough
• whos storrey
• Toalk iis sheap

Week 6:

De Vechter En DE Beerkai;

• De facten dat succes folloiesk bokser relatief vaax ee crimilelop baan hebbenen dat het slech Met hen Kan aflomen and is dit voor criminle intersent om achter halen to vertalan
• Badmintiom
• Togens woor diglis er in vele store bioloies and

12 Kualitetive data Analyse!

• Analys is Heel anders
• Wel is het proggrama cagdas
• basiprincipes voor daata
• Elke form data 4 pasen!
• te scheitd vier typer knali:

Alles hiefoir zijn krijt lines voor Kader om trend dischurs analyses due de kunnen vertelann

• Dischurs is meer theen taal leelen
• Dischurs is construesief

de kwaliteit onders cheidden de kets baar wasse foutieves iter petratis:

• 8 electtisch for het knali daates en knalie is electsch

• Fase 1 = daata beheer ordenen vergenens 1- kwalifiaits datamengemtenplan

  analyse Strategien:

• Dedicutief posiite bestean -analys in de gefundre

fasen het coderan codean

Dataren - prioriete (Etec Ben adereign het obv concptuele in kadder in onderzoeker de de belegsgs vereld

De rol van memo's in het coderan memorieen in al alle mongele commentarrran die de onderzoeker to the het cobder wil wil blies houden hou

Wekk 2 - hooffstukdischurcanalyse

• Dischurs Analysen veelheid

Nnaaar lelinguist pesper

• De abilitiniste vonde het onwensen li jk om maat peschrikies