Criminal Psychology and Offender Profiling

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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of organized crime?

Victim fits the criminal's 'type'

Evidence of pre-meditated planning

Little evidence of clues left behind

Impulsive nature of the attack (correct)

Disorganized criminals tend to have a higher than average IQ.

False

What type of lifestyle do disorganized criminals typically lead?

They tend to live alone.

In organized crime scenes, the ____ is usually left at the crime scene.

body Signup and view all the answers

Match the characteristic to the type of crime scene:

Evidence of pre-meditated planning = Organized Crime Tends to live alone = Disorganized Crime Victim fits the criminal's 'type' = Organized Crime History of failed sexual relationships = Disorganized Crime Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the classifications in the top-down approach to offender profiling?

Methodical Signup and view all the answers

The modus operandi (MO) of a criminal can change from crime to crime.

False Signup and view all the answers

What type of approach to offender profiling originated in the US in the 1970s?

Top-down approach Signup and view all the answers

The __________ approach focuses on building profiles based on evidence from crime scenes rather than preconceived classifications.

Bottom-up Signup and view all the answers

Match the following elements of offender profiling with their definitions:

Modus Operandi (MO) = How a criminal commits a crime Top-down approach = Classifies behavior based on evidence Organized criminal = Planned and methodical in their crimes Disorganized criminal = Impulsive and chaotic in their actions Signup and view all the answers

Which of these crimes is NOT considered suitable for the top-down approach?

Burglary Signup and view all the answers

The top-down approach is based on an outdated model of personality that assumes offender behavior is stable.

True Signup and view all the answers

What are the four types of serial killers identified in the evaluation of the top-down approach?

Visionary, mission, hedonistic, control/power Signup and view all the answers

The profiling method of the top-down approach was developed from _____ murders in the USA.

100 Signup and view all the answers

Match the following characteristics with their descriptions:

Organized = Behaviors tell a consistent, planned profile Disorganized = Impulsive and chaotic behaviors Visionary = Kills under the influence of delusions Hedonistic = Motivated by pleasure and thrill Signup and view all the answers

What type of research methods does the nomothetic approach primarily utilize?

Quantitative methods Signup and view all the answers

The idiographic approach seeks to formulate general laws that apply to all individuals.

False Signup and view all the answers

Name one characteristic of the idiographic approach.

Emphasis on unique personal experiences. Signup and view all the answers

The nomothetic approach aims to establish __________ based on the study of large groups of people.

general laws Signup and view all the answers

Match the following approaches with their characteristics:

Nomothetic = Uses quantitative methods to analyze large groups Idiographic = Focuses on case studies and personal experiences Radford and Kirby's Nomothetic Approach = Classifies people based on behaviors Idiographic Research = Does not seek to generalize findings Signup and view all the answers

According to Lombroso, which of the following features is characteristic of murderers?

Bloodshot eyes Signup and view all the answers

Lombroso believed criminals are fully responsible for their actions based on their biology.

False Signup and view all the answers

What term did Lombroso use to describe criminals as genetic throwbacks?

Atavistic Form Signup and view all the answers

According to Lombroso, criminals possess features such as a narrow, sloping brow and a strong, prominent _____ .

jaw Signup and view all the answers

Match each type of criminal with their corresponding characteristics according to Lombroso:

Murderers = Glaring eyes, swollen fleshy lips, projecting ears Sexual deviants = Bloodshot eyes, long ears, curly hair Fraudsters = Thin lips Signup and view all the answers

What was one strength of Lombroso's approach to criminology?

He emphasized scientific influences and genetic factors. Signup and view all the answers

Lombroso did not support the idea of criminal profiling.

False Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant finding of Goring's study in 1913 regarding criminals?

There was no evidence that offenders form distinct groups. Signup and view all the answers

Lombroso's work has been criticized for its association with __________, which promoted racial science.

Eugenics Signup and view all the answers

Match the weaknesses of Lombroso's theories with their explanations:

Scientific racism = Racial features were wrongly attributed to criminality. Contradictory evidence = No distinct groups of offenders were identified. Poor control = Learning difficulties may have biased the sample. Attributable features = Were often found in specific ethnic populations. Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the key characteristics of Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD) as observed in criminals?

Reduced emotional responses Signup and view all the answers

Individuals with Antisocial Personality Disorder show increased volume of grey matter in the prefrontal cortex.

False Signup and view all the answers

What percentage reduction in the volume of grey matter in the prefrontal cortex is noted in individuals with antisocial personalities?

11% Signup and view all the answers

Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD) is characterized by a lack of activity in the ________ cortex.

prefrontal Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms related to neural explanations to their descriptions:

APD = Condition characterized by reduced emotional responses Prefrontal Cortex = Region of the brain with reduced activity in crime-related disorders Grey Matter = Type of brain matter that may be decreased in criminals Adnan Raine = Researcher who studied the biological basis of APD Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of retribution in custodial sentencing?

To ensure offenders pay for their actions Signup and view all the answers

Incapacitation aims to ensure offenders reform while in prison.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the recidivism rate of UK offenders within 1 year?

87% Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the ego in the context of psychodynamic theory?

To mediate between the Id and Superego Signup and view all the answers

The psychological impact of custodial sentencing includes higher rates of ______ and self-harm.

suicide Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their descriptions:

Deterrence = Sends a broad message to society against reoffending Rehabilitation = Provides opportunities and activities for reform Incapacitation = Removes offenders from society for public safety Psychological Impacts = Includes depression, anxiety, and PTSD Signup and view all the answers

A weak superego can lead to feelings of guilt and anxiety that promote criminal behavior.

False Signup and view all the answers

What can lead to a deviant superego?

Internalization of a deviant superego from parents or an overly harsh superego. Signup and view all the answers

What is one potential outcome of failing to form a healthy bond with a mother figure, according to Bowlby's theory?

Affectionless psychopathy Signup and view all the answers

All 44 juvenile thieves in Bowlby's study showed signs of affectionless psychopathy.

False Signup and view all the answers

The lack of same-sex parental figures during the phallic stage may result in a _______ superego.

weak Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their descriptions:

Inadequate Superego = Weak or deficient superego that may lead to criminal behavior Deviant Superego = Internalization from deviant parents or overly harsh punishment Weak Superego = Resulting from lack of same-sex parental figures Ego = Balances the Id and Superego Signup and view all the answers

What is one criticism of Bowlby's Maternal Deprivation Theory regarding evidence?

There is little evidence to suggest that children raised without a same-sex parent are less law-abiding as adults. Signup and view all the answers

According to Bowlby, __________ separation from the mother during infancy is linked to affectionless psychopathy.

prolonged Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts related to Bowlby's theory with their descriptions:

Affectionless psychopathy = Lack of guilt and remorse for others Prolonged separation = A contributing factor to negative outcomes Gender bias in Freud's theory = Claims women are less moral than men Electra complex = Counterpart to the Oedipus complex focused on female development Signup and view all the answers

Criminal Psychology and Offender Profiling

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of organized crime?

Disorganized criminals tend to have a higher than average IQ.

What type of lifestyle do disorganized criminals typically lead?

In organized crime scenes, the ____ is usually left at the crime scene.

Match the characteristic to the type of crime scene:

Which of the following is NOT one of the classifications in the top-down approach to offender profiling?

The modus operandi (MO) of a criminal can change from crime to crime.

What type of approach to offender profiling originated in the US in the 1970s?

The __________ approach focuses on building profiles based on evidence from crime scenes rather than preconceived classifications.

Match the following elements of offender profiling with their definitions:

Which of these crimes is NOT considered suitable for the top-down approach?

The top-down approach is based on an outdated model of personality that assumes offender behavior is stable.

What are the four types of serial killers identified in the evaluation of the top-down approach?

The profiling method of the top-down approach was developed from _____ murders in the USA.

Match the following characteristics with their descriptions:

What type of research methods does the nomothetic approach primarily utilize?

The idiographic approach seeks to formulate general laws that apply to all individuals.

Name one characteristic of the idiographic approach.

The nomothetic approach aims to establish __________ based on the study of large groups of people.

Match the following approaches with their characteristics:

According to Lombroso, which of the following features is characteristic of murderers?

Lombroso believed criminals are fully responsible for their actions based on their biology.

What term did Lombroso use to describe criminals as genetic throwbacks?

According to Lombroso, criminals possess features such as a narrow, sloping brow and a strong, prominent _____ .

Match each type of criminal with their corresponding characteristics according to Lombroso:

What was one strength of Lombroso's approach to criminology?

Lombroso did not support the idea of criminal profiling.

What was a significant finding of Goring's study in 1913 regarding criminals?

Lombroso's work has been criticized for its association with __________, which promoted racial science.

Match the weaknesses of Lombroso's theories with their explanations:

What is one of the key characteristics of Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD) as observed in criminals?

Individuals with Antisocial Personality Disorder show increased volume of grey matter in the prefrontal cortex.

What percentage reduction in the volume of grey matter in the prefrontal cortex is noted in individuals with antisocial personalities?

Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD) is characterized by a lack of activity in the ________ cortex.

Match the following terms related to neural explanations to their descriptions:

What is the main goal of retribution in custodial sentencing?

Incapacitation aims to ensure offenders reform while in prison.

What is the recidivism rate of UK offenders within 1 year?

What is the primary function of the ego in the context of psychodynamic theory?

The psychological impact of custodial sentencing includes higher rates of ______ and self-harm.

Match the following terms with their descriptions:

A weak superego can lead to feelings of guilt and anxiety that promote criminal behavior.

What can lead to a deviant superego?

What is one potential outcome of failing to form a healthy bond with a mother figure, according to Bowlby's theory?

All 44 juvenile thieves in Bowlby's study showed signs of affectionless psychopathy.

The lack of same-sex parental figures during the phallic stage may result in a _______ superego.

Match the following terms with their descriptions:

What is one criticism of Bowlby's Maternal Deprivation Theory regarding evidence?

According to Bowlby, __________ separation from the mother during infancy is linked to affectionless psychopathy.

Match the following concepts related to Bowlby's theory with their descriptions:

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