Criminal Law Quiz

The legal duty to prove a fact in court.

The obligation of a party to present sufficient evidence to establish a prima facie case in their favor or to challenge an opposing party's claim.

A formal statement that a person cannot testify against a specific person due to a legal relationship (e.g., marital privilege).

The specific and detailed facts presented in court to prove or disprove a claim.

The ultimate question that a judge or jury needs to answer based on all the evidence presented.

The weight or importance given by the court to particular evidence, influencing its impact on the outcome of the case.

The act of attempting to deceive or defraud another person for personal gain.

An attempt to commit a crime that fails to be fully completed due to external factors.

A legal principle that states ignorance of the facts can excuse a person from criminal liability. If someone commits a crime due to a mistaken belief about a fact, they might not be held fully responsible.

A rule in international law that states crimes can only be tried in the courts of the country where the crime occurred, unless the crime affects the safety or security of another country. It's about jurisdiction and the safety of nations!

In criminal law, if the offense charged is less serious than the crime actually proven, the court cannot convict the defendant of the more serious offense. They can only convict of the lesser offense charged.

A felony that is considered very serious and carries the possibility of severe penalties, such as death or life imprisonment.

Evidence is relevant when it directly relates to the facts and issues of the case. It has a clear connection to the matter being debated.

A category of offenses in criminal law that are considered minor and have relatively light penalties, such as a fine or short jail time.

The circumstances surrounding a crime can influence the severity of the punishment. Aggravating circumstances make the crime worse, while mitigating circumstances can lessen the punishment.

A legal situation where a person's actions are considered justified because they were acting in accordance with the law. They are not guilty of any crime and face no legal consequences.

Organizing police deployment based on the time of day when demand is highest.

Police program to strategically place officers in high-crime or busy areas.

The initial rank for commissioned officers in regional appointments.

Foot patrol is ideal in densely populated, commercial areas, providing a visible presence and direct interaction with residents.

Information gathered, analyzed, and interpreted to understand criminal activity and inform police strategies.

Work programs of line divisions that address workload and resources.

The premier educational institution for police, fire, and jail personnel in the Philippines.

Mobile patrols usually consist of a driver and a recorder to document incidents and observations.

A patrol pattern that involves moving in a circular direction, typically starting at a specific point and returning to the same point.

A patrol pattern that involves moving in a circular direction, opposite to the direction of a clockwise pattern.

A patrol strategy where officers move freely and unpredictably, adapting to the situation and responding to calls for service.

A patrol strategy where officers move back and forth across an area, crossing their paths to cover a larger zone.

A police patrol strategy that emphasizes visible presence to deter crime by creating the impression that officers are always around.

The belief that police visibility deters crime by making criminals feel like they are being watched and their actions will be detected.

A long-range planning approach that involves setting out strategic goals, objectives, and policies for a future period.

A type of operational plan that focuses on fulfilling regular, ongoing needs and tasks within a police department.

A crime against a person that is committed with the intention to kill and involves treachery, meaning the offender employed means, methods, or forms to ensure the execution of the crime without risk to themselves from the victim's defense.

A crime committed on the high seas without lawful authority, with the intent to steal and with a spirit of universal hostility. This means the perpetrators intend to attack anyone, not just a specific target.

An act of resistance by a subordinate against a superior officer or causing disturbances on board a ship against the commander's authority.

A motion that can be used to stop a criminal case before someone is formally charged (arraignment). It is used when there is a legal reason to end the case.

A person in authority includes anyone who has a legal duty to maintain public order and safety.

A rule that allows an offended party in a case to participate in the proceedings either by themselves or through a lawyer.

A legal principle that someone under the age of 15, but over 9, may be considered criminally liable if they understand the nature of their actions, meaning they knew what they were doing was wrong.

The legal power of a court to hear and decide a case.

The place where a case should be tried, based on factors like location of the crime or residence of the parties.

A serious crime carrying a potential punishment of imprisonment for more than six years.

The act of taking another person's property by force or intimidation, with the intent to gain.

When a person compels another to do something against their will, using force, violence, or intimidation.

Persons with no apparent means of living and who have the capability to work but choose not to.

An act of public officer forcing someone to change their residence without legal basis.

Depriving someone of their liberty unlawfully, without legal grounds.