Criminal Law Evolution Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which punishment involves a physical act of inflicting pain by cutting off a person's head?

  • Flogging
  • Garroting
  • Hangman
  • Beheading (correct)

What type of punishment is described as a painful act arising from illegal wrongdoing and imposed by authorized officials?

  • Rehabilitation
  • Punishment (correct)
  • Reintegration
  • Deterrence

What is the primary goal of punishment that involves preventing future criminal behavior?

  • Deterrence (correct)
  • Rehabilitation
  • Incapacitation
  • Retribution

Which of the following punishments historically involved using a metal collar for strangulation?

<p>Garroting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What punishment relates to the act of being exiled or forced to leave a certain place?

<p>Banishment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the punitive method that combines both retribution and deterrence?

<p>Incapacitation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a historical punishment characterized by being confined within a cell?

<p>Prison (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of punishment involves the community throwing stones at the condemned person?

<p>Stoning (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What form of punishment was typically used by primitive tribes for adultery?

<p>Ostracism or banishment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which principle underlies the Code of Hammurabi regarding punishment?

<p>The law of talion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is recognized as the First Codifier of Laws?

<p>Hammurabi (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant feature of the justice system in ancient civilizations as opposed to prehistoric times?

<p>Development of written laws (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'lex talionis' refer to in the context of punishment?

<p>The law of equal retaliation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What best describes the approach to justice in prehistoric communities?

<p>Private vengeance and personal retribution (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In context of the early code of laws, which statement is correct?

<p>Laws were created to adapt to changing societal norms. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary punishment for crimes as seen in the ancient Babylonian society?

<p>Retributive measures akin to the harm done (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the law of the Hittites?

<p>It uses death as punishment for many offenses. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which document is known as the basis of Jewish laws?

<p>The Mosaic Code. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a notable feature of the Code of Draco?

<p>It was the first written law of the Greek civilization. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant change did Solon implement regarding Draco's laws?

<p>He repealed most of them and introduced just punishments. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What document forms the foundation of Roman law?

<p>The Twelve Tables. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The laws of Islam are primarily found in which text?

<p>The Qur’an. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is recognized as the first legislator of Athens?

<p>Draco. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the laws given to Moses?

<p>To create a set of divine statutes for the Israelites. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Ostracism

Expulsion or banishment from a community.

Private Vengeance

The act of avenging a crime by the victim or their family.

Imprisonment

A punishment involving confinement in a cell.

Punishment

Inflicting pain on another person as a consequence of illegal wrongdoing.

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Deterrence

The goal of punishment that aims to discourage future criminal behavior.

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Rehabilitation

The goal of punishment that focuses on the offender's rehabilitation and reintegration into society.

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Incapacitation

The goal of punishment that aims to prevent the offender from committing further crimes by removing them from society.

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Retribution

The goal of punishment that seeks to satisfy the sense of justice and fairness in the community.

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Hittite Law

A set of laws established by the Hittites, known for their harsh punishments, similar to the Code of Hammurabi.

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Deuteronomy/Mosaic Code

The fifth book of the Bible, containing the basis of Jewish law, believed to have been written by Moses. This book includes the Ten Commandments.

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Code of Draco

First written law of the Greek civilization, known for its severe punishments.

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Code of Solon

A set of laws created by Solon, an Athenian lawgiver, which replaced many of the harsh laws of Draco's Code with fairer punishments.

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The Twelve Tables

Twelve bronze tablets containing the foundation of Roman law, written in the 6th century BC.

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The Qur'an

The holy book of Islam, containing the laws of the religion. Believed to be revelations from Allah to the prophet Muhammad.

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Laws of Islam

The laws of Islam, derived from the Qur'an, believed to be given by Allah to Muhammad.

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Lex Talionis

A system of retribution where punishment mirrors the harm inflicted on the victim.

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Code of Hammurabi

The earliest known codified law, created in ancient Babylon by King Hammurabi in the 18th century BC. It detailed a comprehensive set of laws and punishments.

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Prehistoric Crime and Punishment: Primitive Tribes

The earliest human societies relied heavily on revenge for wrongdoings. The victim or their family would take retribution on the offender.

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Law of Talion

The principle of "an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth" is known as the law of talion, which implies retribution equal to the harm inflicted.

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The Early Code

During prehistoric times, there were no written laws. People relied on their own sense of fairness and their beliefs to mete out justice.

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The First Codifier of Laws

The first codification of laws is attributed to King Hammurabi, who created the Code of Hammurabi in ancient Babylon.

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The Code of Hammurabi: First Comprehensive Laws

The Code of Hammurabi was a comprehensive set of laws carved onto stone. It provided insight into the legal system and punishments of ancient Babylon.

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Study Notes

Punishment

  • Punishment is an act intentionally causing pain to another.
  • Punishment must come from unlawful acts.
  • It must cause pain to the offender, and be imposed by authorities with the power to punish.

Evolution of Criminal Laws

A. Prehistoric Crime and Punishment: Primitive Tribes

  • Punishment often involved ostracism, banishment, or expulsion.
  • Adultery could be punished severely, sometimes by the aggrieved husband killing the adulterer and their offending wife.
  • Revenge for crimes could be taken by the victim or the victim's family.

B. The Early Code

  • Prehistoric times lacked written laws to regulate conduct. People still avenged harm.
  • Ancient civilizations developed written laws and justice systems.

1. Code of Hammurabi

  • The Code of Hammurabi is a prominent early example.
  • It was created during the reign of Hammurabi, Babylon's king in the 18th century BCE.
  • It established a comprehensive view of laws during that time.
  • The code was written in stone and emphasized the principle of "an eye for an eye," (lex talionis).

2. The Hittites

  • The Hittite laws, developed after Hammurabi, were also severe.
  • They frequently used the death penalty for various offenses.

3. Deuteronomy or the Mosaic Code

  • This code, attributed to Moses, forms the basis of Jewish law.
  • It's part of the Five Books of the Old Testament.
  • Laws were viewed as a covenant between God and the people.
  • The Ten Commandments are a key part of this.

4. The Code of Draco

  • This was one of the first written laws in Ancient Greece (621 BC).
  • It was created by Draco, an Athenian lawgiver.
  • Known for its harsh penalties.

5. The Code of Solon

  • Solon, another Athenian leader, revised and softened the previous legal code.
  • Solon implemented laws that provided just punishments.
  • His contributions made him significant in legal history.

6. Rome's Twelve Tables

  • Roman law formalized with the Twelve Tables.
  • Written in bronze tablets in the 6th century BCE.
  • This became the foundation for Roman laws.

7. The Laws of Islam

  • Islamic law is found in the Qur'an (the Holy Book).
  • It's believed to be revealed by Allah through the Prophet Mohammed.

Other Types of Punishment in History

  • Methods varied across time and cultures.
    • Banishment
    • Beheading
    • Birching
    • Boiling Alive
    • Branding
    • Breaking on the Wheel
    • Burning
    • Crank (forced labor)
    • Crucifixion
    • Drowning
    • Electric Chair
    • Fines
    • Firing Squad
    • Flogging
    • Garroting
    • Hanging
    • Hard Labor
    • Prison
    • Stoning
    • Transportation (to colonies)

Goals and Justifications of Punishment

  • Goals: Retribution, Deterrence, Incapacitation, Rehabilitation, Reintegration, and Restoration.

  • Justifications: Deterrence, Reformation (reforming offenders), Restoration (victim-centred approach, emphasizing restitution), and retribution (making offenders accountable).

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Related Documents

Crim 1 - Introduction to Criminology: Punishment PDF

Description

Test your knowledge of punishment and its historical evolution from prehistoric crime and punishment to the early legal codes like the Code of Hammurabi. Explore how societal norms and regulations came to shape justice systems throughout ancient times.

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