Criminal Law: Defences Lecture 47-49
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Questions and Answers

When can allowances be made for the exigencies of a situation?

  • When the accused intentionally harms an innocent third person
  • When the accused reacts in a moment of crisis (correct)
  • When the accused has had time to weigh up their options
  • When the accused is faced with an unlawful attacker

What is a requirement for the defence of private defence?

  • The force must have been directed against the unlawful attacker (correct)
  • The accused must have intentionally harmed the attacker
  • The accused must have retaliated against an innocent third person
  • The accused must have had time to weigh up their options

What defence may be raised in the case of harming an innocent third person?

  • Private defence
  • Duress
  • Obedience to superior orders
  • Necessity (correct)

What are the three defences excluding criminal capacity?

<p>Mental illness or defect, youth, and intoxication (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must the accused prove regarding their mental illness or defect?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a requirement for proving mental illness or defect as a defence?

<p>The accused must prove it on balance of probabilities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence if an accused lacks the capacity for insight?

<p>They are incapable of appreciating the moral and legal wrongfulness of their conduct (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence if an accused lacks the capacity for self-control?

<p>They are incapable of governing their behaviour to act in accordance with the law (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of a successful defence that excludes unlawfulness?

<p>The requirements for criminal liability as a whole have not been satisfied (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the private defence of person?

<p>To protect a legally relevant protected interest from an unlawful attack (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the 'impossibility' defence?

<p>It excludes criminal liability due to impossibility of committing the crime (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'obedience to superior orders' defence?

<p>A defence that excludes unlawfulness due to following orders from a superior (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'necessity' defence?

<p>A defence that excludes liability due to an unavoidable situation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'compulsion' defence?

<p>A defence that excludes liability due to duress (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'duress' defence?

<p>A defence that excludes liability due to coercion or threats (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the 'necessity' and 'compulsion' defences?

<p>They are both defences that exclude liability due to an unavoidable situation or coercion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defence is applicable when an individual breaks the law to avoid a more serious consequence in a sudden emergency?

<p>Necessity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the defence known as when an individual is forced to act under circumstances beyond their control?

<p>Compulsion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under what circumstances is an individual justified in breaking the law?

<p>When faced with a sudden emergency (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defence is raised when an individual is forced to act under threat or coercion?

<p>Duress (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is an individual not criminally liable for an act defined as a crime?

<p>When the act was justified by the circumstances (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the defence known as when an individual acts under superior orders or authority?

<p>Obedience to superior orders (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is an individual exempt from criminal liability due to circumstances beyond their control?

<p>When the act was impossible to avoid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between necessity and duress?

<p>Necessity involves an emergency, while duress involves a threat (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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