2. Derecho Penal

The principle that a person can only be punished for a crime if it was a crime at the time it was committed. You cannot be punished for something that wasn't a crime at the time.

This principle ensures that the punishment fits the crime and is not excessively harsh. This principle helps maintain fairness and balance within the legal system.

The principle that a person can only be punished for a crime if they were guilty of that crime. This means that you can't be punished "just in case."

This principle aims to help people who have committed a crime to re-enter society. This can involve programs that help with education, job training, and other skills.

This principle means that punishments should not be cruel or inhumane. This ensures that people are treated with dignity, even if they have committed crimes.

The principle that a person cannot be tried twice for the same crime. Even if new evidence comes up.

A legal principle that suggests that in cases of doubt, the judge should rule in favor of the accused.

The right to a fair trial. This includes access to legal representation and the opportunity to present your case.

A crime that involves someone taking action to commit a crime.

A crime that involves failing to act when there's a legal duty to do so.

A serious crime, such as murder or robbery.

A less serious crime, often with a smaller punishment.

The link between an act and the consequences that result from that act.

The mental state of intending to commit a crime, implying knowledge and planning.

The state of being guilty of a crime, involving responsibility and accountability.

An incomplete crime that shows intent to commit a crime but stops short of completing it.

A type of sentence where the offender is not imprisoned, but instead has to perform unpaid work for the community.

A punishment where the offender is ordered to pay a sum of money to the state.

When the offender is prohibited from certain activities or places. Examples: Driving, approaching the victim, or traveling to certain areas.

The intentional act of causing fear of immediate harm or violence to another person. Focuses on the threat and intent.

The unlawful physical contact with another person, resulting in injury. Focuses on the actual act and resulting harm.

The intentional killing of another person, often with premeditation.

Causing the death of another person due to negligence, recklessness or carelessness.

The intentional act of aiding or encouraging someone to commit suicide.

Detaining someone against their will without legal justification. This can include scenarios like holding someone captive or preventing them from leaving a specific location.

Taking someone hostage and holding them against their will, often with the intent of demanding a ransom or achieving other specific goals.

Expressing a serious intention to cause harm or death to another person, either verbally or in writing. This involves the threat itself, not necessarily the actual act of harm.

A form of abuse that involves forcing someone to perform an action against their will, often through intimidation, manipulation, or the use of pressure.

An assault that involves unwelcome physical contact with a sexual connotation, including touching, grabbing, or any other form of unwanted contact.

Sexual behavior that occurs without consent, including acts that are exploitative or abusive in nature. This can involve touching, actions, or non-physical acts that are sexually suggestive or directed at a victim.

Intruding upon someone's private life without their authorization, such as eavesdropping, accessing private information, or sharing private details without consent.

Gaining entry into someone's home or property without permission or lawful justification. This could involve breaking into someone's house, illegally entering a private area, or trespassing on private land.

A crime where someone uses force to enter a building and steal property, often with the intention of causing harm. Occurs when there is an illegal entry, with intent to steal and/or commit another crime.

A crime where someone uses violence or intimidation to take property from another person. Involves the threat or use of force to steal.

A type of crime that involves exploiting humans for profit. It can include forced labor, sexual exploitation, organ removal, and other forms of abuse.

The unlawful removal of organs from a person without their consent. This can involve buying and selling organs for transplantation. It can also involve unethical sourcing, such as from deceased people without informed consent.

Crimes involve changing the genetic makeup of organisms, often without legitimate scientific or medical purposes. This can include altering genes, creating bioweapons, or manipulating embryos.

A business crime where a company or individual is involved in deceitful practices to gain financial advantage. This can involve creating false documents, misleading investors, or defrauding customers.

The act of taking possession of someone else's property with the intention of keeping it permanently, usually without consent. It often involves financial assets, like stolen cash or securities.

Fraudulent activities carried out by individuals or businesses to avoid paying debts they owe. Can involve hiding assets, selling property at below market value, or creating false financial records.

The act of deliberately creating a fake document, such as a certificate, contract, or official paper, with the intent to deceive.

Influencing a public official or civil servant to get a favorable decision that brings personal economic gain.

The act of misusing or stealing money or property entrusted to you, typically public funds or those belonging to the organization you work for.

A broad term that encompasses various forms of illegal activities, including bribery, corruption, and influence peddling. It involves the abuse of power or position for personal gain, especially within government or public institutions.

The process by which criminals attempt to conceal the illegal origin of their money or income.

A judge deliberately making unfair or unjust decisions.

Failing to take action to prevent a crime or report it to the authorities when you have a legal duty to do so.

Providing false testimony under oath in a legal proceeding.