Podcast
Questions and Answers
What fundamental right must suspects be informed of before custodial interrogation?
What fundamental right must suspects be informed of before custodial interrogation?
What does actus reus refer to in criminal law?
What does actus reus refer to in criminal law?
What is the primary focus of specific deterrence?
What is the primary focus of specific deterrence?
What landmark case established the requirement for informing suspects of their rights?
What landmark case established the requirement for informing suspects of their rights?
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What does judicial review allow courts to do?
What does judicial review allow courts to do?
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What was a key feature of the Pennsylvania prison system?
What was a key feature of the Pennsylvania prison system?
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What Supreme Court case highlighted the issue of medical care for prisoners?
What Supreme Court case highlighted the issue of medical care for prisoners?
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What is one potential consequence of general deterrence in the criminal justice system?
What is one potential consequence of general deterrence in the criminal justice system?
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What are the three traditional components of the criminal justice system?
What are the three traditional components of the criminal justice system?
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What is dual federalism?
What is dual federalism?
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What is the primary difference between a misdemeanor and a felony?
What is the primary difference between a misdemeanor and a felony?
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How do the police act as 'gatekeepers' in the criminal justice system?
How do the police act as 'gatekeepers' in the criminal justice system?
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What is the significance of Miranda v. Arizona (1966) for law enforcement?
What is the significance of Miranda v. Arizona (1966) for law enforcement?
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What distinguishes general deterrence from specific deterrence in crime control?
What distinguishes general deterrence from specific deterrence in crime control?
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What do the terms actus reus and mens rea refer to in the context of proving a crime?
What do the terms actus reus and mens rea refer to in the context of proving a crime?
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What is meant by 'prisoner's rights'?
What is meant by 'prisoner's rights'?
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What is the primary focus of restorative justice compared to traditional criminal justice practices?
What is the primary focus of restorative justice compared to traditional criminal justice practices?
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Which theory of punishment seeks to prevent future crimes by discouraging offenders from reoffending?
Which theory of punishment seeks to prevent future crimes by discouraging offenders from reoffending?
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What challenge arises when balancing individual rights with public safety in the context of terrorism?
What challenge arises when balancing individual rights with public safety in the context of terrorism?
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Which of the following refers to the standard of proof required for a criminal conviction?
Which of the following refers to the standard of proof required for a criminal conviction?
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Which Supreme Court role significantly influences criminal justice policy?
Which Supreme Court role significantly influences criminal justice policy?
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What is a common ethical dilemma faced by law enforcement officers?
What is a common ethical dilemma faced by law enforcement officers?
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What is the main purpose of community corrections?
What is the main purpose of community corrections?
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What does 'Actus Reus' refer to in legal terms?
What does 'Actus Reus' refer to in legal terms?
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What does the term 'mens rea' refer to in criminal law?
What does the term 'mens rea' refer to in criminal law?
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Which of the following best defines 'double jeopardy'?
Which of the following best defines 'double jeopardy'?
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What is the purpose of the grand jury in the criminal justice system?
What is the purpose of the grand jury in the criminal justice system?
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What does 'incapacitation' aim to achieve within the context of punishment?
What does 'incapacitation' aim to achieve within the context of punishment?
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In the context of defenses in criminal law, what does 'duress' imply?
In the context of defenses in criminal law, what does 'duress' imply?
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Which of the following describes 'felony'?
Which of the following describes 'felony'?
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What is 'deterrence' in the context of criminal justice?
What is 'deterrence' in the context of criminal justice?
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What does 'judicial review' empower courts to do?
What does 'judicial review' empower courts to do?
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What is the purpose of a plea bargain in the criminal justice system?
What is the purpose of a plea bargain in the criminal justice system?
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Which of the following describes police brutality?
Which of the following describes police brutality?
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What does the term 'probable cause' refer to in legal contexts?
What does the term 'probable cause' refer to in legal contexts?
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What is defined as a status offense?
What is defined as a status offense?
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What do sentencing guidelines specify?
What do sentencing guidelines specify?
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What is the main aim of rehabilitation in the context of criminal justice?
What is the main aim of rehabilitation in the context of criminal justice?
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What is a search warrant?
What is a search warrant?
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What does retribution focus on in terms of punishment?
What does retribution focus on in terms of punishment?
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Study Notes
Criminal Justice System Components
- Three traditional components: law enforcement, courts, and corrections
- Law enforcement investigates crimes, apprehends suspects, and maintains order
- Courts adjudicate cases, determine guilt/innocence, and impose sentences
- Corrections supervise and incarcerate convicted offenders, aiming for rehabilitation and reintegration into society
Dual Federalism
- Power divided between federal and state governments
- In criminal justice, both levels have their own laws, agencies, and courts
- Often results in overlapping jurisdictions and complexities
Misdemeanor vs. Felony
- Misdemeanor: Less serious crime, punishable by fines or jail time less than a year (e.g., petty theft, vandalism, public intoxication)
- Felony: More serious crime, punishable by imprisonment for a year or more (e.g., murder, robbery, arson)
Police as Gatekeepers
- Police initiate the formal criminal justice process
- Decide whether to ignore, warn, cite, or arrest suspected individuals
- Shape the flow of cases into the system
Miranda v. Arizona (1966)
- Landmark case requiring suspects to be informed of their constitutional rights, including right to remain silent and right to counsel, before custodial interrogation
- Significantly impacted police procedures and safeguards for suspects' rights
Deterrence Strategies
- General deterrence: Aims to prevent crime by making examples of those punished
- Specific deterrence: Targets individuals already punished to discourage future criminal activity
Judicial Review
- Power of the courts to declare laws or government actions unconstitutional
- Ensures laws and procedures adhere to constitutional rights
Actus Reus and Mens Rea
- Actus reus: Guilty act or conduct that constitutes a crime
- Mens rea: Guilty mind or intent
- Both are crucial elements in proving a crime as they establish that the individual committed the act with necessary intent
Prison Systems (Pennsylvania and Auburn)
- Pennsylvania system: Emphasized solitary confinement and reflection for penitence
- Auburn system (Congregate system): Inmates worked silently together during the day but were isolated at night
Prisoner's Rights
- Incarcerated individuals retain certain constitutional rights, though some may be limited due to security concerns
- Estelle v. Gamble (1976): Established that deliberate indifference to an inmate's serious medical needs violates the Eighth Amendment, ensuring basic medical care for prisoners
Plea Bargaining
- Advantages: Efficiency, resolving cases quickly, reducing trial backlog
- Disadvantages: May affect fairness by potentially influencing decisions or outcome, and the victim might feel that their rights are being overlooked, especially when there is no punishment or restitution.
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Description
This quiz covers the main components of the criminal justice system, including law enforcement, courts, and corrections. It also explores key concepts such as dual federalism and the differences between misdemeanors and felonies. Test your knowledge on how these elements interact within the justice process.
