Podcast
Questions and Answers
What should a member do if they cannot accommodate a trans or gender diverse person's preference for search gender?
What should a member do if they cannot accommodate a trans or gender diverse person's preference for search gender?
Which of the following actions is NOT required when dealing with gender-affirming items during a search?
Which of the following actions is NOT required when dealing with gender-affirming items during a search?
What does the Ontario Human Rights Code state regarding the treatment of individuals with respect to services?
What does the Ontario Human Rights Code state regarding the treatment of individuals with respect to services?
When conducting searches, how should items of religious significance be handled?
When conducting searches, how should items of religious significance be handled?
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What must be documented by members during the booking and search process?
What must be documented by members during the booking and search process?
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What must members articulate in their memorandum book when determining a person's accommodation needs for assistive devices?
What must members articulate in their memorandum book when determining a person's accommodation needs for assistive devices?
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What are the grounds under which a police officer may conduct a search of a person?
What are the grounds under which a police officer may conduct a search of a person?
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What is the requirement for conducting a strip search according to the regulations outlined?
What is the requirement for conducting a strip search according to the regulations outlined?
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In what situation is a consent search typically not recommended?
In what situation is a consent search typically not recommended?
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What is the foundational principle regarding searches incident to an arrest?
What is the foundational principle regarding searches incident to an arrest?
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What is a primary concern when conducting searches of persons in custody?
What is a primary concern when conducting searches of persons in custody?
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Under what circumstances can a strip search be conducted according to the guidelines?
Under what circumstances can a strip search be conducted according to the guidelines?
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What should officers be able to articulate when conducting searches?
What should officers be able to articulate when conducting searches?
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What is the stance of the courts regarding routine search policies applied to all arrestees?
What is the stance of the courts regarding routine search policies applied to all arrestees?
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What factor should not influence the conduct of a search according to the outlined procedure?
What factor should not influence the conduct of a search according to the outlined procedure?
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What is required of police officers before conducting a Strip search?
What is required of police officers before conducting a Strip search?
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In which circumstances can a strip search be conducted by officers of a different gender?
In which circumstances can a strip search be conducted by officers of a different gender?
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What must happen if items of religious significance are identified during a search?
What must happen if items of religious significance are identified during a search?
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What procedural step must be taken before conducting a Strip search?
What procedural step must be taken before conducting a Strip search?
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What is the protocol regarding the use of a Body Cavity search if the person refuses?
What is the protocol regarding the use of a Body Cavity search if the person refuses?
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What is the primary purpose of the Booking and Search Template?
What is the primary purpose of the Booking and Search Template?
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What criteria must be met for a Strip search to be authorized?
What criteria must be met for a Strip search to be authorized?
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Which statement correctly reflects the requirements when performing a Body Cavity search?
Which statement correctly reflects the requirements when performing a Body Cavity search?
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Which option represents a necessary action prior to conducting a Strip search?
Which option represents a necessary action prior to conducting a Strip search?
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What must officers ensure when allowing a trans or gender-diverse person access to a Body Cavity search?
What must officers ensure when allowing a trans or gender-diverse person access to a Body Cavity search?
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What is required when an officer needs to remove an assistive device from a person with a disability during a search?
What is required when an officer needs to remove an assistive device from a person with a disability during a search?
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In the case of a consent search, what must the officer inform the person about?
In the case of a consent search, what must the officer inform the person about?
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When it is necessary to remove an item of religious significance during a search, what is a priority concern?
When it is necessary to remove an item of religious significance during a search, what is a priority concern?
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What should an officer document after conducting a search in the field of a person who has not been booked into a facility?
What should an officer document after conducting a search in the field of a person who has not been booked into a facility?
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What must be done when it is determined that a person cannot be accommodated during a search?
What must be done when it is determined that a person cannot be accommodated during a search?
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Study Notes
Importance of Searches in Criminal Justice
- Right to search is essential for the safety of prisoners and justice system personnel.
- Officers need to evaluate potential risks and conduct appropriate searches diligently.
Legal Framework
- Lawful searches can originate from statute or common law.
- Supreme Court of Canada ruling in R v. Golden (2001) affected search protocols.
- Officers must articulate their authority and grounds for conducting searches.
Search Procedure Guidelines
- Searches must prioritize the safety of officers, the individual being searched, and the public.
- Searches should always respect the dignity and privacy of the individuals.
- Same-gender officers should conduct searches unless immediate risks necessitate otherwise.
Accommodating Trans and Gender Diverse Individuals
- Ontario Human Rights Code mandates equal treatment for self-identified trans and gender diverse persons.
- Officers should use chosen names and pronouns, and respect gender identity during searches.
- Specific guidelines for handling gender-affirming items, including the option for private removal.
Items of Religious Significance
- Individuals have the right to have items of religious importance treated with respect.
- Searches should accommodate religious items, following specific processes unless impractical due to safety concerns.
Accommodation for Persons with Disabilities
- Duty to accommodate under Ontario Human Rights Code and Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act.
- Assistive devices must be returned promptly after searches, treating them respectfully.
- Guide dogs should not accompany disabled prisoners to court; alternatives should be arranged.
Grounds for Lawful Searches
- Searches require justification that is reasonable and necessary; warrantless searches are generally unreasonable.
- Searches can occur incident to lawful arrests without a warrant for weapons, potential evidence, or items that assist escape.
Recording and Documentation of Searches
- Protective and Frisk searches must be documented with audio and video recording when practicable.
- All search details and grounds must be recorded in the memorandum book.
Consent and Statutory Searches
- Consent for searches must be informed and freely given; individuals can refuse consent.
- Statutory provisions must be consulted before conducting searches under specific laws, such as the Criminal Code.
Additional Protocols for Officers
- Officers must ensure searches are conducted with minimal force and clear communication about procedures and reasons.
- When handling searches involving individuals with disabilities or religious items, utmost care and respect must be exercised.
Special Considerations for Search Authorization
- Before conducting more intrusive searches, such as strip searches, officers need authorization based on reasonable grounds assessed individually.
- Strip searches are not permitted solely based on the likelihood of contact with other arrestees.### Strip Search Protocol
- Strip search requires reasonable and probable grounds deemed necessary by the Officer in Charge.
- Rights to counsel must be read to the arrested individual prior to the search, allowing reasonable opportunity for legal consultation.
- Searching officers must conform to gender considerations, being of the same gender as the individual unless exigent circumstances arise.
- Searches are to occur in private areas, preserving audio documentation while avoiding video recordings.
- Conduct searches in small numbers to maintain privacy and minimize trauma for the individual.
- Religious items noted must be respected and handled appropriately.
- The search process includes limited clothing removal, documenting actions taken, and allowing replacement of clothing when feasible.
Guidelines for Conducting Searches
- Members must not conduct Strip searches outside secure police facilities unless immediate safety risks require otherwise.
- The Officer in Charge must be notified prior to search initiation and a report of circumstances provided afterward.
- Appropriate forms must be completed, including Booking and Search Templates following a Strip search or Body Cavity search.
Body Cavity Searches
- Conducted only with reasonable grounds and must involve qualified medical practitioners in medical facilities.
- Must include gender-sensitive procedures and monitoring to ensure the safety and dignity of the individual.
- If an individual refuses a Body Cavity search, they may be isolated until further action is taken.
Record-Keeping and Templates
- Completion of relevant templates is essential for documenting details of Frisk, Strip, and Body Cavity searches.
- The Booking and Search Template records incidents, ensuring transparency and accountability in search practices.
Risk Assessment
- Reasonable and probable grounds must be evaluated before conducting a search, taking into account all risk factors.
- Language barriers and disabilities must be accommodated with interpreters or assistance as needed.
- Respect and care must be taken with personal property, enhancing the dignity of individuals during their interactions with law enforcement.
Definitions and Legal Framework
- Definitions included for terms such as Strip Search, Body Cavity Search, and Assistive Devices, which clarify the procedural context.
- Recent judicial decisions (R.v.Golden) established the legal framework for searches, emphasizing the need for high justification for conducting Strip searches due to privacy invasion implications.
Gender and Disability Considerations
- Procedures must be adapted to respect the rights of transgender and non-binary individuals, ensuring that searches comply with gender identity.
- Specific guidelines are provided for the handling of assistive devices and items of religious significance during searches.
Operational Authority
- Sergeants are responsible for authorizing searches, including the decision-making process for Strip searches.
- Officers must consult with their superiors and document rationale in cases where searches are deemed necessary or inappropriate.### Strip Searches
- Strip searches require reasonable grounds established from a prior Frisk search.
- Considerations before conducting a Strip search include the details of the arrest, history of the individual, items found during prior searches, the individual's demeanor, and potential risks.
- Risks from not performing a Strip search include the possibility of transferring contraband to other detainees.
Safety Concerns for Show Cause Hearings
- Display heightened safety concerns for individuals in custody awaiting a Show Cause hearing.
- Concerns include direct contact with other prisoners, transportation provisions, and the duty to ensure safety for all involved, including unarmed officers and court staff.
Conducting Strip Searches
- Supreme Court permits field Strip searches only if urgent necessity exists for safety reasons; must justify why waiting for a police station search is unsafe.
- Strip searches are not permissible solely for evidence preservation.
- Searches must occur in private, and officers must inform the Officer in Charge upon arrival at the police station.
- Strip searches are not to be videotaped to prevent embarrassment to the individual.
Body Cavity Searches
- Body cavity searches are strictly prohibited by the Toronto Police Service.
- Individuals believed to have items concealed in body cavities must be transported to a medical facility.
- Consent is required for removal by a qualified medical practitioner; otherwise, the individual is held in isolation.
Transgender Persons Protocol
- Recognizes the need for sensitivity when interacting with transgender individuals, accommodating diverse gender identities.
- Officers must address individuals by chosen names and pronouns, and consider their self-identified gender for lodging.
- The process for searching involves explaining options for officer gender presence and allowing self-removal of gender-affirming items when safe.
Handling Religious Items
- Items of religious significance must be treated with respect and handled according to individual requests when feasible.
- Members should communicate the reason for removal and offer self-removal options if safety permits.
- Items should be stored properly, with adherence to human rights considerations and safety protocols throughout the process.
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Description
Explore the critical aspects of search procedures within the criminal justice system, particularly in relation to the safety of prisoners and personnel. This quiz covers the Supreme Court of Canada's ruling in R.v.Golden and its implications for law enforcement officers' search evaluations and practices.
