Podcast
Questions and Answers
What action is taken during booking after a suspect is arrested?
What action is taken during booking after a suspect is arrested?
- Recording charges and fingerprints (correct)
- Conducting a trial
- Issuing a cash bond
- Acquiring witness statements
What is the purpose of a DNA swab in the process described?
What is the purpose of a DNA swab in the process described?
- To verify blood type
- To release the suspect from custody
- To gather genetic evidence against the suspect (correct)
- To collect hair samples
What does the term 'pre-trial release' refer to?
What does the term 'pre-trial release' refer to?
- Detaining the accused until trial
- Allowing the accused to leave custody under certain conditions (correct)
- Setting a trial date immediately
- Arraigning the accused before charges are filed
What is required for a prosecutor to file charges against a defendant?
What is required for a prosecutor to file charges against a defendant?
What is the primary role of a pre-trial release agency?
What is the primary role of a pre-trial release agency?
What are the defendant's options for securing a bail according to the process described?
What are the defendant's options for securing a bail according to the process described?
What must happen within 48 hours after an arrest?
What must happen within 48 hours after an arrest?
What is a common action taken during interrogations by authorities?
What is a common action taken during interrogations by authorities?
What is required for law enforcement to establish reasonable suspicion?
What is required for law enforcement to establish reasonable suspicion?
How much certainty is needed to establish probable cause?
How much certainty is needed to establish probable cause?
Which scenario exemplifies a misdemeanor arrest requirement?
Which scenario exemplifies a misdemeanor arrest requirement?
What can be concluded about a mistake in establishing probable cause?
What can be concluded about a mistake in establishing probable cause?
Which of the following statements about the investigative period is true?
Which of the following statements about the investigative period is true?
What threshold must be crossed to justify reasonable suspicion?
What threshold must be crossed to justify reasonable suspicion?
What does probable cause rely on when identifying a suspect?
What does probable cause rely on when identifying a suspect?
Which of the following statements best describes the difference between reasonable suspicion and probable cause?
Which of the following statements best describes the difference between reasonable suspicion and probable cause?
What is the primary difference between proactive and reactive crime detection?
What is the primary difference between proactive and reactive crime detection?
Which stage of the criminal justice process involves determining whether to prosecute a case?
Which stage of the criminal justice process involves determining whether to prosecute a case?
What percentage of crimes are often reported to the police?
What percentage of crimes are often reported to the police?
What role do citizens play in the criminal justice process when a crime occurs?
What role do citizens play in the criminal justice process when a crime occurs?
What is often the most common reason for individuals not to report a crime?
What is often the most common reason for individuals not to report a crime?
During which stage does the determination of guilt or innocence take place?
During which stage does the determination of guilt or innocence take place?
Which factor primarily leads to more proactive crime detection?
Which factor primarily leads to more proactive crime detection?
What role do confidential informants (CIs) play in the criminal justice process?
What role do confidential informants (CIs) play in the criminal justice process?
What is the primary principle of the 'code of Hammurabi' regarding crime and punishment?
What is the primary principle of the 'code of Hammurabi' regarding crime and punishment?
Who is recognized as the Father of the classical school of criminology?
Who is recognized as the Father of the classical school of criminology?
Which concept describes the belief that individuals are inherently bad and born with a criminal mind?
Which concept describes the belief that individuals are inherently bad and born with a criminal mind?
What does the concept of 'crime as a product of free will' imply?
What does the concept of 'crime as a product of free will' imply?
What is emphasized as a significant aspect of the criminal justice system's components?
What is emphasized as a significant aspect of the criminal justice system's components?
What approach to crime does the 'retaliation/retribution' concept represent?
What approach to crime does the 'retaliation/retribution' concept represent?
Which of the following is not a component of the criminal justice system?
Which of the following is not a component of the criminal justice system?
Cesare Becarria’s writings focus on which aspect of criminology?
Cesare Becarria’s writings focus on which aspect of criminology?
What does the 'cost-benefit model' imply about why individuals commit crimes?
What does the 'cost-benefit model' imply about why individuals commit crimes?
Which of the following is a key element in discouraging criminal behavior?
Which of the following is a key element in discouraging criminal behavior?
What could be considered a 'benefit' of committing a crime according to the cost-benefit model?
What could be considered a 'benefit' of committing a crime according to the cost-benefit model?
Which statement best exemplifies the concept of deterrence in crime control?
Which statement best exemplifies the concept of deterrence in crime control?
What role does 'opportunity' play in the decision to commit a crime?
What role does 'opportunity' play in the decision to commit a crime?
What is the primary goal of crime control strategies focusing on deterrence?
What is the primary goal of crime control strategies focusing on deterrence?
How do potential costs influence a person's decision to commit a crime?
How do potential costs influence a person's decision to commit a crime?
In the context of crime, what can be considered a 'cost'?
In the context of crime, what can be considered a 'cost'?
Study Notes
Release
- After an arrest, an individual can be released for various reasons, including lack of probable cause.
- The booking process involves fingerprinting, recording charges, and possible DNA swabs.
- Pre-trial release can occur after an arrest, and involves several options, including bail, release on recognizance (ROR), and pre-trial release agency assistance.
Early Legal Procedures
- Proctoration is the process of transitioning a suspect to a defendant.
- When a prosecutor believes there's enough evidence, they file a complaint, which leads to the defendant being formally charged with a crime.
- The very first court appearance, where a defendant typically enters a plea of not guilty, happens within 48 hours of arrest, excluding weekends and holidays, according to law.
The Criminal Justice Process
- The criminal justice system is divided into five stages: crime, arrest, prosecution, trial, and corrections.
- There are two types of crime detection processes: proactive, where police discover a crime without a report, and reactive, where a crime is reported to the police.
- Reactive crimes encompass 90% of all reported crime, with citizen complaints being the most frequent.
- Reasonable suspicion means police have cause to suspect a crime, but not enough evidence to arrest.
- Probable cause means there is a reasonable belief that a crime was committed and the suspect was involved.
- Misdemeanor crimes, where officers must witness an offense to arrest, do not always require probable cause.
Key Theories and Thought Leaders:
- The Hammurabi Code is an early example of a criminal justice system, emphasizing the "eye for an eye" philosophy, focused on retribution.
- Cesare Beccaria, known as the father of the classical school of criminology, authored "On Crimes and Punishment", focusing on the criminal mind.
- Beccaria believed that crime is a choice, guided by a "cost-benefit model" where individuals weigh potential consequences against potential gains.
- Deterrence theory proposes that potential costs must outweigh benefits, emphasizing that potential consequences should limit crime.
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Description
This quiz covers the essential stages of the criminal justice process, from arrest to release. It examines legal procedures such as booking, early legal procedures, and types of pre-trial releases. Test your understanding of how the criminal justice system operates.
