Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a definite course or method of action selected from among alternatives and in light of given conditions to guide and determine present and future decisions?
What is the traditional method of the development of criminal justice policy?
Members of Congress sponsoring legislation
What is the alternative method of the development of criminal justice policy?
Direct Democracy: the Initiative
What is the Controlled Substance Act (1970)?
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What does the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 provide?
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What is the purpose of the Sentencing Reform Act (1984)?
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What does the Anti-Drug Abuse Act (1986) refer to?
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What does the Sex Offender Act (1994) require?
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What is the significance of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act (1994)?
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What was the purpose of the US Patriot Act (2001)?
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What change does the Fair Sentencing Act (2010) implement?
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Who proposed the concepts of the Crime Control Model and the Due Process Model?
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In the context of criminal justice, what do liberal politics focus on?
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What is Process Evaluation?
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What does Outcome Evaluation focus on?
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What is the role of The National Institute of Justice (NIJ)?
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What findings does The University of Maryland Report present?
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What does CRJU funding indicate?
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Study Notes
Policy Definition
- A clear course of action chosen from multiple options to guide future decisions.
Traditional Criminal Justice Policy Development
- Congress members can sponsor legislation impacting criminal justice.
- Legislation requires debates, voting, and signing by the executive, such as the governor or President.
Alternative Criminal Justice Policy Development
- Direct democracy allows citizens to petition and vote on propositions, bypassing legislative processes.
Controlled Substances Act (1970)
- Amended the Public Health Service Act to enhance research, prevention, and treatment of drug abuse.
- Strengthened law enforcement related to drug abuse.
Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act (1974)
- Federal law providing funds to states adhering to core protections for youth in the justice system.
Sentencing Reform Act (1984)
- Part of the Comprehensive Crime Control Act aimed at improving consistency in federal sentencing.
- Established the U.S. Sentencing Commission.
Anti-Drug Abuse Act (1986)
- Shifted approach from rehabilitation to punitive measures regarding drug offenses.
Sex Offender Act (1994)
- Mandates states to create registries for offenders of violent sexual crimes and stricter registration requirements.
Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act (1994)
- Established requirements for states to maintain registries for sexual offenders, notable for being a major crime bill.
USA PATRIOT Act (2001)
- A response to the terrorist attacks of 2001, aimed at combating terrorism through enhanced law enforcement powers.
Fair Sentencing Act (2010)
- Reduced the disparity of criminal penalties between crack cocaine and powder cocaine, changing the ratio from 100:1 to 18:1.
Criminal Justice Models
- Crime Control Model: Focuses on suppressing criminal behavior, aligned with conservative philosophies.
- Due Process Model: Prioritizes individual rights and freedoms, aligning with liberal philosophies.
Political Perspectives on Justice
- Liberal Politics: Emphasizes due process, individual freedoms, and constitutional rights.
- Conservative Politics: Focuses on traditional values, retributive justice, and law and order.
Process Evaluation
- Analyzes the policy development process to identify and resolve methodological errors and implementation issues.
Outcome Evaluation
- Assesses changes resulting from the implementation of a policy.
National Institute of Justice (NIJ)
- The first national agency dedicated to criminal justice research, aiming to enhance justice administration and public safety.
- Provides funding to universities, public agencies, and private institutions.
University of Maryland Report Findings
- Key programs identified as ineffective include DARE, scared straight, boot camps, intensive supervision, and faith-based programs.
Criminal Justice Funding Landscape
- Less than 1% of the criminal justice budget is allocated to research, significantly lower than funding levels for medical ($30 billion) and labor ($600 million) research.
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Description
This quiz explores the development of criminal justice policies in the United States, examining traditional legislative processes and alternative methods such as direct democracy. Key legislation, including the Controlled Substances Act and the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act, will be highlighted. Test your knowledge on the impact of these laws on the justice system.
