Criminal Justice Pearson Chapter 14

Questions and Answers

What does 'total institution' refer to?

Enclosed facilities separated from society where the inhabitants share all aspects of their daily lives.

In addition to prisons, which of the following could be categorized as a total institution?

Colleges

Community centers

Parks

Mental hospitals (correct)

What process do new inmates undergo to learn about the prison subculture?

Prisonization

Jake is a ________.

colonizer Signup and view all the answers

What is likely to characterize Angeline's experience in prison?

She is unlikely to see her children Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is most likely to be a characteristic of a female inmate?

African American Signup and view all the answers

What are corrections officers primarily concerned with?

Custody and control Signup and view all the answers

What is one main influence on the culture of correctional staff?

The potential threat posed by inmates. Signup and view all the answers

What were the riots in October 1995 primarily related to?

Inmate grievances over perceived disparities in federal drug-sentencing policies. Signup and view all the answers

How have prison gangs changed in recent years?

They have developed into criminal organizations with activities extending outside of prison. Signup and view all the answers

Lisa's inability to vote after her conviction is an example of what?

Civil death Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary policy of courts toward prison management prior to the 1960s?

The hands-off doctrine Signup and view all the answers

Which program could Vince identify as possibly being illegal?

Segregation of HIV-positive inmates Signup and view all the answers

What has contributed to the increase in the number of elderly inmates today?

Three-strikes laws and truth-in-sentencing laws. Signup and view all the answers

What is true regarding sexual violence in prison?

Inmates who are sexually violent have experienced damage to their masculinity in the past. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a hedonist inmate?

One who smuggles contraband and runs gambling rings Signup and view all the answers

What does the importation model of prison subculture imply?

Inmates bring values, roles, and behavior patterns from the outside world. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of female inmate does Sarah most likely represent?

Cool prisoner Signup and view all the answers

What is true concerning men's and women's prisons?

Sexual misconduct between staff and inmates is more common in women's prisons. Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of gender responsiveness in prisons?

A program allowing babies born to women in prison to live with their mothers for up to 18 months. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'corrections officer' signify?

A move toward increasing the professionalism of prison staff. Signup and view all the answers

What contributed to the growth of prison gangs in Texas during the 1980s?

A court ruling ending the 'building tender' system. Signup and view all the answers

The ten years between 1970 and 1980 have been called the _________ of prison riots.

explosive decade Signup and view all the answers

What are prison gangs that threaten the safety of corrections staff called?

Security threat group. Signup and view all the answers

What is a grievance procedure?

A mechanism for inmates to register complaints about their conditions of confinement. Signup and view all the answers

What principle was established as a result of the U.S. Supreme Court case of Pell v. Procunier?

The balancing test. Signup and view all the answers

What has the 1996 Prisoner Litigation Reform Act (PLRA) effectively reduced?

The number of frivolous lawsuits filed by inmates. Signup and view all the answers

Why are the rights of inmates conditional rather than absolute?

Because they are constrained by the legitimate needs of the correctional institution. Signup and view all the answers

What case held that challenges to prison conditions must show deliberate indifference by officials?

Wilson v. Seiter. Signup and view all the answers

What is true about mentally ill inmates?

Women in prison are significantly more likely to be mentally ill than men. Signup and view all the answers

What can occur during religious services in prisons that relates to terrorism?

Proselytizing can recruit American citizens to a terrorist cause. Signup and view all the answers

What can be expected regarding Jeremy's experience in prison?

He is likely to serve a greater proportion of his sentence than the average inmate. Signup and view all the answers

Who do educational programs about HIV/AIDS primarily focus on in prison?

Corrections staff. Signup and view all the answers

What could happen if officers fail to prevent the spread of HIV?

Civil liability may result. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Total Institutions

"Total institution" describes enclosed facilities like prisons, concentration camps, and mental hospitals that separate inhabitants from society.
Erving Goffman introduced the term analyzing various total institutions, highlighting their impact on resident lives.

Prison Subcultures

Prisonization refers to the socialization process where new inmates learn the norms and behaviors of the prison subculture.
Colonizers view prison as their home, often finding support and a sense of power within the inmate community.

Female Inmates

Female prisoners, particularly African American women, represent a significant demographic in state prisons, comprising 48% of the female inmate population.
Many women in prison do not have frequent visits from their children due to logistical challenges, impacting their familial relationships.

Corrections Officers

Corrections officers prioritize custody and control, which are essential for maintaining order in prisons before implementing rehabilitation programs.
Increased training for officers aims to improve professionalism, moving from the outdated terminology of "guard" to "corrections officer."

Prison Gangs and Violence

Prison gangs evolved into organized criminal networks, expanding their influence beyond prison walls and utilizing violence as a control mechanism.
The explosive decade of prison riots (1970-1980) marked a significant period of unrest triggered by inmate grievances and systemic issues.

Legal Rights and Inmate Conditions

The hands-off doctrine dominated court policies towards prisons until the 1960s, reflecting a non-interventional approach to prison management.
Inmates’ constitutional rights are conditional, balancing individual rights against the correctional institution's security and order needs.

Impact of Legislation

The Prisoner Litigation Reform Act (PLRA) successfully reduced the number of frivolous lawsuits by inmates related to prison conditions.
The balancing test established by Pell v. Procunier evaluates the necessity of security needs against individual rights of prisoners.

Mental Health and Special Populations

More women in prison are mentally ill than men, with significant percentages affected, highlighting gender disparities in mental health issues.
Inmates with serious intellectual disabilities struggle to adjust to prison life, often serving longer portions of their sentences.

HIV/AIDS Awareness and Liability

Correctional facilities often focus HIV/AIDS educational programs on staff rather than inmates, underscoring a gap in inmate health education.
Civil liability may arise when staff fail to protect inmates from spreading known diseases like HIV, linking public health concerns to correctional practices.

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