Criminal Justice: Arrest, Crime and Suspicion

• Arrest involves taking custody of a person under real or assumed authority to answer a criminal charge or prevent harm.
• A crime violates public law, either forbidding or commanding an act.
• A felony is punishable by death or state prison imprisonment.
• A misdemeanor is any crime less severe than a felony.
• Probable cause is more than reasonable suspicion, but less than proof beyond a reasonable doubt.

Probable Cause Types for Actions

• Arrest: Belief that the accused committed the crime.
• Search: Belief that seizable evidence exists in a specific location.
• Proof beyond a reasonable doubt is determined in court.
• A search involves examining hidden places to find something concealed.
• Seizure means forcibly taking someone's property without a search.
• A frisk involves patting down outer clothing to detect weapons via touch.
• Reasonable suspicion is more than a hunch but less than probable cause, legally justifying a stop.
• Unlawful design indicates a suspect has committed, is committing, or is about to commit a crime.

Types of Law

• Statutory law is based on legislative actions.
• Case law/Common law is established through court decisions (e.g., Miranda v. Arizona).

First Amendment (SPAR)

• Includes Speech, Press, Assembly, and Religion
• Speech encompasses oral, written, social media posts, and images.

Unprotected Speech

• Fighting words cause injury or incite immediate breach of peace.
• Speech plus incites immediate criminal activity like a riot, e.g., yelling "fire" in a theater.

Unlawful Assembly Elements

• 5+ armed people, or 10+ people (armed or not)
• Unlawfully, riotously, or tumultuously assembled.

Assembly Regulations

• Can be regulated based on time, place, and manner if strong rational reasons exist.

Fourth Amendment

• Prevents unreasonable government searches and seizures of persons, houses, papers, and effects.
• Applies to areas with a reasonable expectation of privacy.

Levels of Proof

• Proof Beyond a Reasonable Doubt: Guilt is determined in court leading to a conviction.

• Probable Cause: Justifies an arrest or search.

• Reasonable Suspicion: Meets the threshold for a stop or threshold inquiry.

• Mere Suspicion: Allows observation, voluntary encounter, or following.

• Reasonable suspicion is the minimum level needed to stop/detain someone.

• It requires "specific and articulable facts" leading a reasonable person to believe a crime has been, is being, or will be committed.

• Seizure occurs when police take property, make an arrest, or restrict movement, requiring reasonable suspicion.

Combined Factors for Reasonable Suspicion/Probable Cause

• High crime area
• Suspect matching description.
• Location near a recent crime
• Criminal record or gang affiliation
• Evasive answers or flight from police.
• Nervousness at the sight of police
• Unusual behavior or suspicious gestures
• Time of day

Factors NOT Sufficient for Reasonable Suspicion (Alone)

• Known drug dealer status
• Criminal record
• Hiding from police
• Presence in a high-crime area
• Youth in an expensive car
• Flight from police
• Report of a firearm needs a plus factor.
• The degree of certainty distinguishes reasonable suspicion from probable cause.
• The Collective Knowledge Doctrine states that one officer's knowledge is every officer's knowledge.

Voluntary Encounter

• Police can approach and ask questions if individuals feel free to leave.

• Officers cannot force cooperation or seize someone without reasonable suspicion.

• A threshold inquiry/investigative stop requires reasonable suspicion.

• The duration of a threshold inquiry must be reasonable.

• A stop begins with a signal to submit to authority, such as verbal commands, blue lights, physical touch, or blocking.

• Municipal law or traffic infraction violations can justify a threshold inquiry.

• The Exclusionary Rule addresses 4th Amendment violations.

• Evidence from unlawful stops is inadmissible ("Fruit of the Poisonous Tree").

• Invoking the Exclusionary Rule requires government action, standing, and a violation of privacy expectation based on the Katz test.

• A frisk involves patting down outer clothing for weapons only.

• Frisks cannot be used to search for evidence or drugs on a person, or in immediate areas, including vehicles.

• A stop and frisk requires reasonable suspicion that a person is armed and dangerous.

Motor Vehicle Frisk Scope

• Extends to areas where a suspect could realistically access a weapon.
• Includes the passenger compartment (dash, seats, unlocked glove box).
• Officers can search locked glove boxes if they have the keys.
• Unlocked open or closed containers can be searched.
• The trunk is generally off limits, and locked containers need a warrant.
• K-9 units need reasonable suspicion for a canine sniff, not for routine traffic stops.
• K-9 alerts give probable cause to search
• An arrest is the most intrusive seizure, needing probable cause, permitting a post-arrest search.
• To execute an arrest warrant (body warrant), it must be validated immediately before the arrest.
• A search warrant is necessary to search a home or motor vehicle and is separate from a body warrant.
• Authorities must confirm extradition for fugitive warrants.
• A merchant's statement about a suspect shoplifting provides probable cause for an arrest without a warrant.

Arrest Requirements (ICC)

• Intent
• Communication
• Control
• A Jenkins Hearing is a probable cause hearing within 24 hours of an arrest.

A Lawful Arrest Requires

• Probable cause
• An arrestable offense
• Jurisdiction
• If additional facts negate probable cause, a subject must be released and documented.
• Arrestees get a phone call within 1 hour of arriving at the station with no expectation of privacy.
• Police jurisdiction extends 500 yards into Brookline and Newton.

Aguilar-Spinelli Test

• Veracity
• Basis of Knowledge: personal, not hearsay/rumor.

Reliable Sources:

• Known victim
• Declaration against penal interest
• Known witness
• Good track record
• Other police officer

Warrantless Searches (CAB PIE)

• Consent
• Abandonment
• Plain View
• Incident to Lawful Arrest
• Exigent Circumstances
• Booking Search
• Search Incident to Lawful Arrest (c. 276 s. 1) looks for weapons, escape means, and crime evidence.
• Booking Searches/Inventory are not evidence hunts.
• Designed to protect property, prevent false claims, prevent suicide, aid identification, and fulfill community caretaking.
• Strip searches require probable cause and duty supervisor approval, done reasonably.
• Body Cavity Searches: Require high probable cause, a judge-issued warrant, and a qualified professional.

Three Major Motor Vehicle Searches:

• Search Incident to Lawful Arrest
• Purpose: Search for means of escape, weapons, evidence of the crime the arrest is for.
• Extends to the "grabbing area," excluding the trunk.
• Motor Vehicle Inventory Search

Motor Vehicle Inventory Searches

• Requires lawful vehicle custody and written departmental guidelines.
• Scope includes passenger compartment, trunk, open/closed containers, center console, and glove box (unlockable with keys).
• Locked containers require a warrant, never force anything open.
• Purpose is not to find contraband, but anything found is seizable under the Plain View Doctrine.
• Goncalves-Mendez case law: An officer must offer a passenger not associated with the crime the vehicle if they have a valid license.
• Otherwise, officers can legally park the vehicle (then do an inventory search) or leave it legally parked if it's not obstructing traffic.

Motor Vehicle Exception Search

• Requires probable cause and the vehicle being on a public way.
• Scope covers the entire vehicle.

Search factors

• Intensity: Depends on the size of the item sought.
• Scope: Is the area to be searched.
• Warrants: Probable cause is required to apply.
• Curtilage is the area around a dwelling where privacy is expected and in which 75ft is rule of thumb.
• Plain view still applies within the curtilage.
• No warrant is needed for trash on the curb, but is needed for trash next to the house.
• Traffic stops can be based on reasonable suspicion of any crime, not just C.90 violations.

Exit Orders for:

• Officer's Safety: A vehicle frisk requires reasonable suspicion of someone being armed/dangerous.
• Reasonable suspicion of a crime
• Police Function- to continue investigation
• Community Caretaker Function

Patrol Procedures - Basic Functions (MEPP)

• Maintain Order: Handle disputes, and maintain order during demonstrations and strikes
• Enforce Laws: Arrest offenders, help citizens recover property and prevent criminal activity.
• Protect Constitutional Rights: Protect the rights of every citizen in the city of Boston, to include harassment, speech, religion, race, color, creed, sexual orientation, physical disability just to name a few
• Provide Services: traffic control, directions, referrals, first aid, nuisance abatement.

Major Patrol Responsibilities (PAIR)

• Participate in court procedures

• Apprehend culprits

• Identify criminal activity/locate criminals

• Reduce crime through preventative patrol.

• Team Policing: Officers assigned to specific areas on a permanent or semi-permanent basis, working with the community.

• Larger areas are broken down into smaller zones.

Neighborhood Policing Mission Statement

• Partner with the community to fight crime, reduce fear, and improve the quality of life.

Community Policing Principles (Par-Pro-Pre)

• Partnership
• Problem Solving
• Prevention

Policing Styles

• Watchman: Focuses on maintaining order, tolerating minor offenses.
• Legalistic: Strict adherence to the law with little discretion.
• Service: Takes all calls seriously and intervenes informally.

Patrol Types (CUBBFAMM)

• Canine
• Undercover/plain clothes
• Bicycle
• Boat/harbor
• Foot Patrol/Walking Beat
• Automobile
• Motorcycle
• Mounted

Policing Strategies (RAD)

• Random Patrol: Unpredictable patrol patterns.
• Aggressive Patrol: Target-oriented activities.
• Direct Deterrent Patrol: Using crime analysis to focus officer time.
• Survival Triangle- Mental edge and physical preparation.

Mental Edge & Physical Preparation

• Tactics and shooting skills build upon a foundation of mental and physical readiness.
• A prepared mind can be a powerful asset, while an unprepared one can be detrimental.
• Stress is the strain on the body from disturbances or demands.

Stress Responses

• Startle Response: Involuntary reaction to sudden fright.
• Thought Distraction: Uninvited thoughts divert attention during critical moments.
• Physical Distress: Fainting - Urinate
• Dry Mouth- Aching Muscles
• Vomit - Defecate beyond control
• Sweaty Palms- Throbbing chest

Sensory Distortion

• Tunnel vision
• Sight distortions
• Hearing distortions
• Awareness Lapse: Blocking a stressful event during or after it occurs.

Combat Stress by

• Tactical breathing
• Positive self-talk
• Crisis rehearsal
• Awareness Spectrum: ranges from unpreparedness to panic.

Conditions

• White: Unprepared
• Yellow: Alert, relaxed, good awareness
• Orange: Alert to danger, ready to act
• Red: Action mode, focused
• Black: Panic, breakdown.

Fatal Errors

• Attitude- failure to remain alert
• Tombstone courage - failure to retreat
• Not enough rest- fatigue impairs awareness and judgement
• Taking a bad position- failure to use cover/concealment
• Danger signs - failure to recognize danger
• Failure to watch suspects hands- failure to control hands that can cause harm
• Relaxing too soon- believing the incident is over
• Improper use or no handcuffs- failure to secure the suspect
• No search or poor search- failure to search that can cause harm
• Dirty or inoperative weapon- failure to have operational weapon when needed.

Tactical Thinking Steps

• Analyze the situation

• Anticipate potential problems

• Decide on a plan of action

• Control breathing and stay calm

• Principle of Triangulation: Consider the area around an officer to promote separation, minimize crossfire, and maximize defense.

Roles

• Contact Officer: Communicates, checks for warrants, transmits radio, directs the cover officer, writes information, and conducts frisks/searches.
• Cover Officer: Observes, adjusts position, watches hands, prevents escape, follows instructions, and remains aware of surroundings.
• Contact and cover roles are interchangeable.
• Distance varies by location and circumstances.

Threat Assessment uses Circles for:

• Outer: Problem Area
• Middle: Area of Responsibility
• Inner: Focus Point/Imminent Threat (must be controlled to protect you or another innocent party) Triangulating the suspect places them at the apex of the triangle between officers.
• In a threshold inquiry, keep the suspect at the apex.

Suspect + 1 Theory

• Gun + 1 Theory
• Strength in numbers (Call for backup)

Threshold Inquiry Positioning

• Interview Stance/Position 1:
• Bladed Stance
• Gun side away
• 4-6 feet away

Positioning Stances

• Position 0: Front of suspect
• Position 1: Front of suspect, off to an angle (interview stance)
• Position 2: Side of suspect.
• Position 2.5: Behind suspect at an angle (handcuffing position).
• Position 3: Behind suspect

Positioning Guidelines

• Communicate in Position 1.

• Avoid approaching from inside.

• Shuffle, side-step, or pivot to move.

• Use contact/cover when two officers are present.

• Basic Stance: Feet shoulder-width apart, knees slightly bent.

• Defensive Stance: Used to protect and block.

Cover

• An impenetrable object that stops a threat.

Examples

• Cement barriers
• Motor vehicle engine
• Buildings

Concealment

• Incapable of stopping a bullet.

Examples

• Thin walls
• Car doors
• Curtains
• On-Cover: Close to cover, weapon close to cover (conserves energy, precision shots).
• Off-Cover: Away from cover (gains observation angles). Don't extend past cover if aren't going to fire.
• Simple, direct tactics that culminate and control are essential.
• Consistent practice builds muscle memory.

Radio Channels

• 1: Special Events- 2: Area A (A1, A7)
• 3: Area B (B2, B3)- 4: Area E (E3, E5, E18)
• 5: Area D (D4, D14)- 6: Area C (C6, C11)
• 7: Message/Unit to Unit- 8: Nova Base/Inquiries
• 9-12: Investigative & Admin.

Call Sign Structure: First Digit

• First Digit: District Assignment
• Second Digit: Type of Unit
• Third & Fourth Digit: Sector (01-99)
• Fifth Digit: Shift Assignment. EXAMPLE: B103A (Bravo (B2) Rapid Response sector 3 Last Half 2345-0730).

DISTRICT PHONETICS

• District 1 A1/15: Alpha (A1): Downtown, Beacon Hill (A15): Charlestown
• District 2 B2: Bravo (B) Roxbury-
• District 3 B3: Charlie (C) Mattapan
• District 4 D4: Delta (D) South End, Back Bay, Fenway, Lower Roxbury
• District 5 E5 : Echo (E) Roslindale, West Roxbury
• District 6 C6: Fox (F) South Boston-
• District 7 A7 : Gold (G) East Boston
• District 11 C11: Harry (H) Dorchester-
• District 13 E13: Jake (J) Jamaica Plainjk
• District 14 D14: Kilo (K) Allston, Brighton-
• District 18 E18 : Lima (L) Hyde Park, Readville

Call Sign Structure: Second Digit

• 1 = Rapid Response- 2 = Patrol Wagon

• 3 = Motorcycle- 4 = Neighborhood Service

• 5 = K9- 6 = Walking Beat / Bicycle

• 8 = Detective- 9 = Sergeant

• A = Lieutenant- C = Command

• K = Anti Crime

• The third and fourth digits represent the sector assigned during the tour of duty.

Call Sign Structure: Fifth Digit: Shift Assignment

• A Alpha (ay) 2345 - 0730 (Last Half)
• D Delta (dee) 0730 - 1600 (Days)
• F Frank (eff) 1600 - 2345 (First Half)

Miscel Codes: Examples

• 1 Burglar Alarm-5 Fire Alarm
• 7 Gathering Causing Annoyance Outside- 8 Investigate Person
• 9 Investigate Premise- 10 Landlord Tenant Disturbance
• 12 Noise Complaint- 14 Police Service
• 15 Disturbance - Drunk- 16 Disturbance - Inside
• 19 Walk and Talk

Miscel Responses/Outcomes

• B (Boy) No Person Can Be Found-
• C (Charlie) No such address
• D (David) No Police Service Necessary-
• E (Edward) Perpetrator Gone on Arrival
• F (Frank) Peace Restored-
• G (George) Advised Warrant
• H (Henry) Advised to re-contact police if necessary-
• J (John) FIOE Prepared
• K (King) Issued Traffic Citation-
• L (Lincoln) Issued Parking Ticket
• N (Nora) Accidental / Defective Alarm-
• P (Paul) Service Rendered
• X (X-Ray) Clear from CD19 (Walk and Talk).

Service Assignment Codes (CD):CD Priority 9

• CD 19: Walk and Talk
• CD 23: Guarding Prisoners
• CD 24: 204A Service (Domestic Violence)

Call Sign Structure: Example

B103A = Bravo (B2) Rapid Response 3rd Sector Last Half

• B = Bravo (B2)- 1 = Rapid Response
• 03 = 3rd sector- A = 2345 - 0730 Last Half

Radio Codes

• Logging on “Ocean Nora” Logging off “Ocean Frank”
• Logging On “On the Air "Ocean Nora” Starting shift
• Logging Off “Off the Air "Ocean Frank” Ending Shift

Operational Status

Got to the Scene: Adam Robert Open to other Calls: Charlie Robert

L20: The dispatcher should know you will be unavailable / off air for about 20 minutes OR in order to complete booking / complete Incident Report

Examples

• "B101F L20 Arrest"
• "B431F L20 Report"

Clearing Calls

• Miscel Code- Primary unit; No incident report
• Clear with an “R”- Primary unit; incident report written
• Charlie Robert- Assisting Unit

Incident Type + Police Action = (Number) + (Phonetic)

• i.e. 10M = Landlord Tenant Disturbance, Advised Legal Help

The 4 W's

• Who you are
• Where you are
• What you have
• What you need

Include

Color - Year - Make- Body Occupants- License Plate

• Record license plate in Military Phonetics.

Key Concepts/Survival Tools

• Suspect+1
• Gun+1 - Request Backup
• Crisis Rehearsal - Distance/Angles

10 Fatal Errors

• Following Rule 318, no officer carries a firearm in the booking area, staying at position 2 to de-escalate situations.

ONE HOUR TO ALLOW THE PRISONER THEIR ONE PHONE CALL / Abuser cannot notify the victim of a DV arrest

ID Unit (Identification)

• Prisoners charged with a felony or 209A must be verified by the ID UNIT prior to being released on bail.

Types of prisoners, DV charges and required detention times

• Prisoner with felony/ 209A charge - no bail until verified by the ID UNIT
• Minimum 6 hour hold for DV arrests before bail

Rule 318 SEC 9

• Female prisoners go to CD6 (SOUTH BOSTON) and are safely transported together only if complicity of crime

RULE 318 SEC 18.1

• Transportation of prisoners- notify operations division of your point of departure, exact time, odometer reading, notify of arrival.

CELL INSPECTION IS EVERY 15 MINUTES ; for the suspect who is on SUICIDE WATCH Q5)

Juvenile protocol

• Under 14 cannot be detained at all
• 14-17 can be held for up to 6 hours

Strip Search: Remove one layer of clothing ( not routine) Visual Body Cavity: the mouth is NOT considered a body cavity Body Cavity Search: High degree of PC / issued by a judge / performed by a physician

Intoxication: Held for no longer than 12 hours, until no longer incapacitated (if on drugs, sent to hospital never taken into custody)

Breath test has the right because a person being detained has the right to take an alcohol breath test to determine if they are intoxicated.

Three preparations for success: preparing for tour of duty- knowledge of area preparing for shift — mentally prepared - update with up to date information 301 - pursuit driving, and 302 - emergency driving- Prohibited when driving with non sworn BPD personnel

Only DISPATCH, RESPONDING OFFICER, AND PATROL SUPERVISOR CAN UPGRADE OR DOWNGRADE CALLS

Downgrading the Call- When an in progress call and the resident states it happened prior, or isn't call wasn't accurate. responding officer can downgrade call from priority 1 MGL Chapter 89 Section 7B: Caution and due regard, must come to a complete and full stop before proceeding RULE 405: Activating your Body Worn Camera (BWC) prior to activating the cruiser lights and sirens

While enroute, the officer must gather information about the event/crime, weapons used, people/vehicle descriptions, and consider officer knowledge with crisis rehearsal. Vehicles use of Lights and Sirens- based on distance, time of day, nature, traffic conditions- before arrival, gather info crime/event, weapons used, people, vehicle description officer knowledge, CRISIS REHEARSAL, Weather

APPROACH in the DAYTIME- Sirens off: 6-8 blocks and Lights off: 2-4 blocks APPROACH in the NIGHTTIME- Sirens off: 10 blocks and Lights: 4-8 blocks The types of calls - Priority 1 call - Shots fire The types of calls - priority 2 call - prior B+E (not in progress)

Observation, Perception, Recollection: Observation: Watching someone and taking notes because input is then analyzed through rational or irrational thought. Input is received via FIVE senses- Hearing, Sight, Smell, Touch and Taste Perception: More personal and is how you see the issue. A belief, you think it is there but you cant find it- (EX. you may look at a picture and someone sees it different than you Recollection: How people learn from past experiences

Internal Factors: Personal characteristics, point of view, drugs or alcohol use, stress / emotional state, individual bias and pre-judice, reception/memory. External Factors: Distance and Proximity, size and intensity, movement, repetition, contrast, noise/sounds, similarities

These internal / external factors influence-Observation, Perception, and Recollection

Decision Making OODA LOOP

Decision making process developed by fighter pilots to determine how much time it takes too... O: Observe Something O: Orient self to Observation D: Decide what to do A: Act on the Decision

OFFICERS USE when making tactical decisions related to safety Make sure to orient oneself (to gain the advantage) The goal is to complete the OODA LOOP faster than the suspect The more you train, the better you get

Body language: -Changes in body Language can be subtle and Officers should look for clusters / combinations of body language cues 3 Basic categories: -Neutral: exhibits little to no emotion, almost relaxed -Defensive: this person is resistant- Changes from defensive to aggressive are usually sudden Goal is to de escalate- Aggressive: this person is ready for action, they are agitated and ready for confrontation and Verbal or physical and Dialogue and body language are non aggressive and “Body language reveals the truth”

Eye Contact

• Neutral consistent eye contact with occasional blinking and looking away
• Defensive avoids eye contact constantly looking around Ag-Attacking, Offensive
• Aggressive intentionally staring into the face of another person without blinking or looking away and Looking at officers duty belt, equipment, and positioning

Head & Face

• Neutral head resting evenly and straight
• Defensive head tilted back to create distance, biting lower lip
• Aggressive head tilted forward, profuse sweating, licking lips from dry mouth, pursed lips

Arms

• Neutral extended and hanging by persons side or resting surface
• Defensive folded arms across chest in front of body
• Aggressive flailing to side, chest or head level, flexing shoulder/ arm muscles

Hands

• Neutral open and still with arms near side of body
• Defensive in pants or jacket pockets
• Aggressive clenched fists, removing clothes, palms sweating, rubbing fingers through hair

Feet

• Neutral- balanced stance with body weight distributed-
• Defensive- leaning back with more weight on heels-
• Aggressive idk

Command Presence: -an officer demonstrates outwardly to others full and complete control of his / her physical, emotional and intellectual facilities

CRIMINAL LAW on Domestic Violence

• Willful intimidation, physical assault, battery, sexual assault or other abusive behavior as part of a systematic pattern of power and control perpetrated by one intimate partner to another and ABUSE IS A CHOICE

Abuse Includes are

• Physical (most common form of abuse)- Sexual ( least discussed form of abuse)

• Psychological (occurs in some form in ALL abusive relationships/make the victim feel like they are responsible for the abuse)

• Financial (included in 99% of DV cases/one of the most powerful tactics of entrapping victim in a relationship

• The goal of the abuser is to maintain POWER and CONTROL- One is every three women experience DV in life

• One in every four men have experience some sort of physical violence by an intimate partner

• 855 DV victims are women - Boys who witness DV are TWICE as likely to abuse their own partners and children when they become adults

• Witness DV is the single best predicator and juvenile delinquency and adult criminality for males

• One average it will take abuse women SEVEN to successfully leave their abusers

• Prohibits first responders from taking and sharing unauthorized photos of crime scenes - Amanda’s Law

• The DV Law Enforcement Guidelines those are provides the specific protocols police must follow when investigating DV crimes - EOPPS

Power and Control Wheel:

• Outside of wheel = physical, sexual violence -The Inside of wheel = economic abuse, coercion and threats, intimidation, emotional abuse, isolation, minimizing denying and blaming using children and using male privilege -Center of wheel = power and control

• When it comes to DV, law enforcement has three primary responsibilities PAA – Provide physical safety or security of a victim- Assist victim is by coordinating their referral to support service

• Arrest and TV perpetrator is required by law

• Anyone can be DV victim crosses all barriers of and culture and age and income or religion and education and race

• Once Physical Violence is introduced it increases severity and is more frequence - The danger increases for Victim when she tries to leave Abuse= An occurrence of one or more of the following act, between family or household members a. Attempting to cause or causing physical harm b. Placing another or fear of imminent serious physical harm c. Causing another to engage and involuntary sexual relations by force threat or duress d. Coercive control

Coercive Control: Type1- Pattern of behavior (Threatening harm to the victims loved ones or pets, isolating victim form support systems and depriving victims of basic news Type2- ONE act -Harming or attempting harm to the victim/child or relative -Commissioning or attempting to commit abuse to an animal connected with victim -Publishing or attempting to publish sexually explicit images of the victim

Court (4 types under C209A S1) :

a. Superior b. Probate and Family c. District d. Boston Municipal e. EXCEPT when dealing with substantive dating (3): Probate and Family Ct., District Ct., and Boston Municipal Ct

Protection Order issued by another jurisdiction- Shall be given full faith and credit throughout Commwealth and will enforce is long it has been active or valid and issued by another territory or US territory or possession we will take victim with that work they are issuing department if order is not very released forward.

Basic Protection Includes

• Defendant shall not damage any of the plaintiff's belongings
• Defendant shall not shut off any utilities or mail delivery to such residence.
• Defendant shall not interfere in any way with such residence
• Extended Scope- Multiple family dwelling and planiffs workplace

a. When proceedings for restraining other filed heard and determined and court having venue over the victim resistance if victim has less than resistance household or to avoid abuse such victim shall have the option of commencing an action in court having venue over prior address used to the or present currently live.

• Court orders belief are value up to ONE YEAR- when the exporation day for those a Weekend holiday date court is closed quarter shall not expire and the next chord business day.
• Surrender Firearms (c. 20 9a S3B) upon insurance temporary or emergency order core shall order immediate suspension and surrender of. LTC, FID, Firearms, Rifles, Shotguns, Machine Guns, Ammunition Petition for Review Action. I ANY defendant may petition such action and will be hurt no later than 10 CORD be is days in 10 business days and employment Court.

Two court business days

• Temporary order in 10 for business days
• May be extended up to a year or not exceed one year
• Emergency good until NEXT chord business day

Powers Duties (ROLNAAS)

• Remain assistance locate get safety and give me the and equal notified if you have rights you have rights shall arrest required by law by another jurisdiction. " VAWA "give full face and credit
• If order is not verified, release forthwith* Mandory Response Voilited must arrest prefer committed a felony 209 a or misdemeanor abuse served clerk share transmit to a certified copies of each for over one copy complete and the copy a summons for the wait leave officer not required for hand
• KNOW SLIDES" for Criminal Law* VIOLATION to CONVICT (order in effect, knows order) Direct/Indirect- has simple AB attack will simple or AB type second is felony charge -witness intimulation kidding your money relations

Motor Vehicle (MV) Law

1.) MM/DD/YY 2.) # U.S. States listed. [6] 3.) Identify MA Reg: plate type and color 4.) blue, green, and red 5.) Plate type: CAPO 6.) Vehicle Reg to GOV 98 7.) Foreign plates ZZ 8.) Info missing VIN in comment 9.) On the registration plate, the color is reference to: = 10.) categories of plate types are listed on the =P V: 4 11.) plate color out of state apprtioned and commercial FALSE 12.) 13.) Reg 14.) Block L-R, TB 15.) Yes - Letters and numbers 16.) If an officer is unsure of the appropriate state code for a foreign motor vehicle, what info must the officer record and where? 17.) -Vin State Plate Color, and type Reg

26.) Numerical code 27.) Accurate Location 28.) On the side of the year determine weather park determine or even side every year weather is begins

30.) Van plates expire every year in Nov 31.) Commercial Plates expire every year in Dec 32.) Plates expire every 2 years:

Long range goal = = voluntarily compliance increase Verbal warning; Written warning; Civil Citation, Report or arrest arrest

Pre-Empting Assigned Calls Officers who for a violation while on assignment must decide with assignment M/V motor Being operated -operate - -On public way, public access and in some instances a private way 4 Elements: Motor vehicles all vehicles all other than muscular power Operate = inside of vehicle & Manipulate some mechanical or electrical part of the motor. The motor vehicle does not need to the move for the engine to running. That makes use of the engine: sitting in the /v with out more PLowman Public WAYs Sign Street, signal, surface, curbwalk-Government Deeds certifications =Access Civil and vehicle and FRACTIONS: Criminal. Unlicensed operation -Suspend Revoked Authity -Authority - -Injury OUI : = Power arrest.

• **Memorize this slide = Chapter 90 Powers of Arrest = USA SIR, U =UNLICENSED, / S = Suspend A:Knowingly use a motor vehicle without Authority/ S = Leaving the Scene I = = OWI / R =Refusal)

ANUR / OIL

About the time (time respond call from dispatch names of officer and and respond

SIX Sections for Form 26= Date & Numbers Page Date CC Heading Page Date Heading & Closing Observer Expectancy Effect

• Music ; Background
• Teaching; placebos
• Policenote Music Placebo
• Observer Effect occurs notes
• Always -
• Person write report -
• What told and State
• 1112 2025 Today Test
• Do use face

Written communication ANUR/ OIL About Name unit to and Observer Expectant and always do what wrote

• WHAT are ethics?
• *RECUIT Police Power
• 12 months cretiable
• If sick must notify
• MUST BE 70

Ethics:

• Stand of prinicpals conducts governering a profession
• Sound decisio
• Prepare recruits from moral challenge
• police
• reinfocement moral /moral
• anticorruption
• internal police cirminal serious police
• Noble Corruption and

Noble Cause Corruption: Dirty Harry Syndrome Rule 113A section 4.1 (Bias Free Policing) Use of Personal Characteristics in Law Enforcement Personal characteristics are used, arrest of someone Types of graft and corruption: Gratifies, bribes, theft, internals, Negligence and respect and no Alcohol and store

Canon Six: - Employed shall and shall never official

Conflicit interest: between personal official

• Sefl Significant others- Both sets of parents Siblings(Both sets)/- Your children Divided interests you / avoid acting officer on familymembers Cannot defend or

"Gifts or gratuities" Payment travel Gratuity (22) accept gifts for self "Only accept detail through department

Integrity Soundness of moral principles Definies- ethics A settle -Behvaior Culturally competent she Should culture based in the and others

Assess think you have

5 cultural -assissment and contact and understand a culture needs tasks "21 the one " De-escalation the

Culture (Maslow's Survival Needs)

Rule 326 section 3/ is to inspect a location Criminal Complaint MPTC Report 24 to / MPTC "A "Obey Order Directives (in writing") / Respectfully and Civiliian

"A "D" to. " C". must follow all orders both verbly in writing 24 to of / the hearing Frien family- call for 10 you is long Is the community Policing Acadermic 70 Three exams Fail = 90 Rule Hours the superior officer for "Must on (1)"'Conduct on duty

• CRISIS INTINTERVENTIONS : (DEFINITONS

• Attitude: settle way of in to the and things reflected behavior. -havior

• Behavior-caused by mobilizing energy in others : - To become

• to take of culture bias that shaped Cultural COMPETANCE should what

• 3. Knowledge and develop skills = what that

• 5 Cultural competency, they "A" "They " the

• SelfAssessment- think for those who are different

• Learn- read other cutlure -intrract - others

• Comunicate - Cultuare

• Masiows

• *"Must on (1)" (Must give name)

• Must idenfy in

• CRISis 1 - Two COM Speed PARAMOUNT : The PEACE officer for- 5 (What Is rapid reaminng problems: and limit Coping" A:

• RECUIT Police Power

• 12 months creditable "MUST BE 70

• IF You are A:

• RULE (To A: If you :

(R)OBEY: CIVILIan" C". /

• Report 24 to