Questions and Answers
What is sentencing disparity?
What does sentencing mean?
Making a decision on how to punish a criminal.
What is Just Desserts?
A sanctioning philosophy based on the assertion that criminals deserve to be punished for breaking society's rules.
Who normally makes the sentencing decision?
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When is an offender considered to be 'rehabilitated'?
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What is a prison?
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Compared to the number of people in jail, is the number of people on probation more or less?
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What does a probation revocation process consist of?
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Do high rates of incarceration have a disproportionate impact on minority groups?
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What is the incarceration rate per 100,000 for state and federal prisoners sentenced to more than a year?
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The rate of imprisonment for African-American males is how much greater than that of white males?
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What is selective incapacitation?
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What is meant by 'classification systems'?
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Jails are managed by?
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What is meant by 'time served'?
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What is probation?
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What was the ruling in Mempa v. Rhay (1967)?
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What is meant by a 'technical violation'?
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What is meant by 'caseload'?
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Truth-in-sentencing laws require offenders to serve at least?
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What is deterrence?
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What is incapacitation?
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What is rehabilitation?
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What is indeterminate sentencing?
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Study Notes
Sentencing Concepts
- Sentencing Disparity: Occurs when individuals convicted of similar crimes receive differing sentences.
- Sentencing: The judicial process of determining a punishment for a convicted individual.
- Just Desserts: A philosophy asserting that criminals deserve punishment proportional to their offenses.
Roles and Decision Processes
- Judge's Role: The judge is responsible for making sentencing decisions.
- Rehabilitation: Offenders are considered rehabilitated when they no longer pose a threat to society.
Corrections and Facilities
- Prison Definition: A facility operated by state or federal authorities for adults serving a sentence of confinement.
- Jail Management: Jails are typically managed by local governments or law enforcement agencies.
Probation and Violations
- Probation Definition: A suspended prison sentence allowing conditional freedom under certain behavioral terms.
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Probation Revocation Process:
- Preliminary Hearing: To establish probable cause for alleged violations.
- Revocation Hearing: A more detailed examination where both the probation agency and probationer present evidence.
- Revocation Decision: If a violation is found, the judge decides on potential incarceration.
Demographics and Incarceration Rates
- Incarceration Rate: For every 100,000 U.S. residents, there are 509 prisoners sentenced to over a year.
- Disparities in Incarceration: The rate of imprisonment for African-American males is seven times higher than for white males.
Theories and Strategies in Criminal Justice
- Selective Incapacitation: A method focusing on identifying and removing the most dangerous criminals from society.
- Deterrence Strategy: Aims to prevent crime through the threat of punishment, suggesting severe penalties to dissuade potential offenders.
- Incapacitation: The act of detaining offenders to separate them from the community and reduce criminal activity.
Offense and Rehabilitation
- Rehabilitation Philosophy: Emphasizes providing resources to eliminate criminal behavior rather than simply punishing offenders.
- Indeterminate Sentencing: Involves a prison term with a range, rather than a fixed period or release date.
Additional Definitions
- Technical Violation: Non-criminal actions by probationers that violate probation terms, potentially resulting in revocation.
- Caseload: Refers to the number of probation clients managed by a probation officer at any given time.
- Truth-in-Sentencing Laws: Mandate that offenders must serve at least 85% of their sentence before being eligible for release.
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Description
Test your understanding of key terms in Criminal Justice with these flashcards. This quiz covers important concepts such as sentencing disparity, the philosophy of just deserts, and more. Perfect for students studying criminal law and justice systems.