Criminal Investigation Basics
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Criminal Investigation Basics

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary goal of criminal investigation?

  • To report crimes to citizens
  • To prevent future crimes
  • To recover stolen properties (correct)
  • To identify the type of crime

    • Which phase does NOT belong to the criminal investigation process?

  • Identifying the criminal
  • Tracing and locating the criminal
  • Executing the sentence (correct)
  • Gathering evidence for trial

    • In which mode of investigation do investigators respond to crimes after they have occurred?

  • Proactive mode
  • Scientific mode
  • Reactive mode (correct)
  • Preventive response

    • What is the principle of individuality in dactyloscopy?

    <p>No two people can have identical fingerprints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of proactive mode of investigation?

    <p>Identifying suspects before crimes occur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a goal of criminal investigation?

    <p>Identifying victims</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes criminal investigation as a science?

    <p>It applies knowledge and principles of forensic science</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ultimate purpose of gathering evidence during a criminal investigation?

    <p>To prepare for the trial and prosecution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'felicity' refer to in the context of criminal investigation?

    <p>A sudden realization or creative insight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of criminal investigation, according to Hans Gross, is attributed to perspiration?

    <p>95%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of criminal investigation is the act of maintaining the original form of evidence most critical?

    <p>Preservation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which step in the criminal investigation process involves the identification of relevant data?

    <p>Recognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the evaluation stage in criminal investigation?

    <p>To determine the probative value of evidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a key element of the collection stage?

    <p>Identifying data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might be the consequence of depending solely on inspiration or luck in investigations?

    <p>Failure in a large percentage of investigations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'collection' primarily involve in criminal investigations?

    <p>Gathering identified data or facts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is considered the founder of La Surete, France's National Detective Organization?

    <p>Robert Peel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept introduced by Allan Pinkerton became a foundational aspect of criminal investigation?

    <p>Modus operandi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What year did the London Metropolitan Police employ the first undercover officer?

    <p>1833</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which individual is credited for explaining a photographic process to the Royal Society of London?

    <p>William Henry Fox Talbot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the methods pioneered by Allan Pinkerton for surveillance of suspects?

    <p>Shadowing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contribution did Kate Wayne make to criminal investigation history?

    <p>First woman detective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which criminal gang is noted for its robbery spree that began in 1866?

    <p>Jesse James Gang</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which individual is known as the earliest advocate of criminal investigation as a science?

    <p>Hans Gross</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be proven for a police search of a moving vehicle to be justified?

    <p>The police must have reasonable or probable cause.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three requirements for a waiver of rights to be valid?

    <p>The right must exist, the person must have knowledge of the right, and they must intend to relinquish it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a 'stop and frisk' situation?

    <p>A situation where an officer stops someone based on suspicious behavior for a brief investigation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what situation can a search warrant be dispensed with?

    <p>In exigent and emergency circumstances that suggest a crime is occurring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what circumstance can customs officers conduct a search without a warrant?

    <p>If the search is related to the enforcement of customs laws.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the PNP as established in RA No. 4864?

    <p>Preserving peace and order and preventing crimes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the character of the PNP?

    <p>It is civilian in character and not part of the military.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which law created the Office of the Police Commission?

    <p>RA No. 4864</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What rights are defined in RA No. 7438?

    <p>Rights of persons arrested, detained, or under investigation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the modes of arrest as mentioned in the content?

    <p>Arrest with a warrant and arrest without a warrant in exceptional circumstances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following provides the operational governance for the PNP?

    <p>RA No. 8551</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a general rule regarding search and seizure as stated in the content?

    <p>Valid search warrants are required for all searches.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant change did RA No. 6975 introduce?

    <p>Dissolved the PC and structured the PNP under the DILG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Criminal Investigation

    • Criminal investigation involves identifying, locating, collecting, processing and evaluating physical evidence.
    • Criminal investigation is a science:
      • It uses scientific principles to identify and analyze evidence.
      • Fingerprint analysis, based on the principle of individuality, is a common example.
      • Forensic chemistry relies on the principal of chemical reactivity.
    • Criminal investigation is a process:
      • It involves a systematic process of identifying, collecting, preserving and evaluating information and evidence.
      • Steps:
        • Recognition: identifying significant facts or evidence.
        • Collection: gathering identified facts or evidence.
        • Preservation: maintaining the integrity and value of collected evidence.
        • Evaluation: determining the probative value of evidence.

    History of Criminal Investigation

    • Early pioneers:
      • Eugene François Vidocq:
        • Founder of the first detective agency in Paris.
        • Introduced the idea of "Trade Protection Society," which later evolved into credit card systems.
      • Robert Peel:
        • Founder of the London Metropolitan Police.
        • Introduced techniques like undercover operations and secret photography.
      • Hans Gross:
        • Advocated for criminal investigation as a science.
    • Important milestones:
      • 1833: London Metropolitan Police employed the first undercover officer.
      • 1835: Texas Rangers organized as the first law enforcement agency with statewide investigative authority.
      • 1852: The term "detective" introduced to the English language by Charles Dickens in his novel "Bleak House."
      • 1852: Allan Pinkerton, a renowned private detective, introduced shadowing and undercover operations.
      • 1856: Kate Wayne became the first woman detective.
      • 1866: Thomas Byrnes developed the "modus operandi" method.
      • 1877: Howard Vincent headed the newly organized Criminal Investigation Department in Scotland Yard.

    Philippine National Police (PNP)

    • National in scope: The PNP operates nationwide.
    • Civilian in character: The PNP is a civilian organization, not part of the military.
    • Key legislation:
      • RA 4864 (1966): The Police Act of 1966, created the Office of the Police Commission (now National Police Commission).
      • RA 6975 (1990): Created the BFP, BJMP, and PNP under the DILG.
      • RA 8551 (1998): The PNP Reform and Reorganization Act of 1998, governs the PNP.
      • RA 7438: Defines rights of persons arrested, detained, or under custodial investigation.

    Arrest

    • Definition: Arrest is the taking of a person into custody to answer for a criminal offense.
    • Modes:
      • Arrest by warrant: Requires a warrant issued by a court.
      • Arrest without a warrant: Possible in specific circumstances, like an escapee from detention.

    Search and Seizure

    • Definition: Examination of a person, their belongings, homes, or premises to discover contraband or evidence.
    • General rule: A search warrant is required for any search.
    • Exceptions:
      • Search of moving vehicles: Possible with probable cause to believe a crime was committed.
      • Consented search: Requires informed consent from the person being searched.
      • Customs search: Authorized for enforcement of customs laws.
      • Stop and frisk: Police can briefly stop a person if they have reasonable suspicion of criminal activity and pat them down for weapons.
      • Exigent and emergency circumstances: Permissible if a crime is in progress and there is no time to obtain a warrant.

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    Related Documents

    Criminal Investigation Introduction PDF

    Description

    Explore the fundamental concepts of criminal investigation, including the scientific principles involved in evidence analysis and the systematic process of gathering and evaluating information. Learn about the pivotal steps of recognition, collection, preservation, and evaluation as they apply in the field of forensic science.

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