Crime Part B: Capital Punishment

The practice of executing people as punishment for serious crimes.

The belief that capital punishment is wrong because it violates the sanctity of human life.

The idea that severe punishments will discourage people from committing crimes.

The theory that criminal behavior is a result of free choices made by individuals.

The belief that criminal behavior is shaped by external factors, such as poverty, social conditions, or biology.

The concept that all human life has inherent value and should be protected.

The argument that the state should demonstrate its commitment to the value of life by protecting all citizens, even criminals, from execution.

The idea that criminal behavior is influenced by external factors.

Substances derived from the poppy plant, including morphine and codeine.

A category encompassing opiates, synthetic opiates, and related substances like heroin, oxycodone, percocet, and fentanyl.

A time-released opioid medication marketed as non-addictive due to its delayed release mechanism. However, this claim proved false, and OxyContin became a major contributor to the opioid crisis.

A synthetic opioid with potent effects and high risk of overdose. It has become a primary driver of the opioid crisis in Canada and other countries.

A doctor who made claims that patients in pain couldn't become addicted to opioids because the pain neutralized the euphoric effects of the drug. These claims were later proven false, contributing to the overprescribing of opioids.

A medical perspective that emphasizes Western scientific principles and defines health as the absence of illness.

A positive state of existence characterized by happiness, prosperity and satisfaction of basic human needs. It encompasses more than just the absence of illness.

The study of the causes, distribution, and control of diseases within a population.

The complex relationship between social, economic, and political factors that influence a population's overall health.

The unequal distribution of income within a society, with some individuals earning significantly more than others.

The process of excluding members of a group from normal social interactions and access to benefits. It prevents individuals from participating fully in society.

A hormone released in response to stress, but chronically high levels are linked to health problems like depression, high blood pressure, and weakened immunity.

The lack of social connections and support, which can lead to feelings of isolation and alienation, increasing the risk of unhealthy behaviors.

The 'healthy immigrant effect' refers to the generally better health of newly arrived immigrants. Over time, however, this effect tends to diminish as immigrants experience greater social exclusion and poor integration into their new environment.

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. It emphasizes a holistic approach to health.

A sociological perspective that views society as a complex system with interconnected parts working together to maintain stability and order.

A sociological perspective that emphasizes power struggles and inequalities within society, particularly between social classes.

The idea that work under capitalism is exploitative and alienating for workers. Capitalism prioritizes profit maximization at the expense of worker well-being.

A modern form of work characterized by short-term, temporary jobs often offered through digital platforms. Examples include ride-sharing services and freelance platforms.

A business model relying on digital platforms to connect different user groups, often involving transactions and services. Examples include e-commerce platforms like Amazon and ride-sharing apps.

A crowdsourcing website where businesses can hire workers globally to perform tasks that computers cannot complete.

The ability for gig workers to control their schedules and work independently, often seen as a benefit.

The argument that gig work can help address bias in hiring by offering anonymous work opportunities.

The idea that women are more likely to be in a 'reserve army' of labour, meaning their jobs are more easily replaceable, leading to lower wages and fewer benefits.

The unpaid work that women often disproportionately do in addition to paid work, such as housework, childcare, and elder care.

The belief that women should be treated equally with men in the workplace, with equal opportunities and benefits.

Social reproduction refers to the unpaid work that sustains our lives, including housework, caregiving, and emotional labor.

The assumption that women can have both a successful career and a fulfilling family life.

The concept that women face significant challenges in the workplace, including harassment, discrimination, and lack of support for motherhood.

The idea that new technologies can have both positive and negative impacts on families, affecting parenting, relationships, and communication.

The idea that families are diverse and include many different types, including single-parent families, skip-generation families, LGBTQ families, and families with a disabled child.

A legal order requiring someone with a mental illness to adhere to treatment conditions, such as taking medication and attending therapy, to avoid hospitalization.

In the 1950s, people with mental illness were often moved from large psychiatric institutions to community settings. This process aimed to provide more humane and integrated care but faced challenges.

This condition occurs when someone with a mental illness doesn't recognize their own illness or need for treatment.

These laws were introduced after tragic events where individuals with untreated mental illness harmed others. They aimed to provide legal tools for managing individuals with serious mental illness who pose a risk to themselves or others.

Policies like CTOs are often introduced after a public crisis, highlighting a need for better management of mental health.

This theory suggests that deinstitutionalization in the 1950s wasn't primarily driven by the medical advancements but by societal shifts, such as the rise of the welfare system and the state's expanded role.

CTOs aim to prevent the cycle of repeated hospitalizations by ensuring individuals receive consistent treatment in the community.

Some argue that CTOs may lead to a new form of institutionalization, where individuals are restricted in their freedom despite being in the community.