Crime and Political Concepts Overview
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Questions and Answers

What does the term 'violent crime' refer to?

  • Crimes involving theft or deception
  • Crimes committed without any physical harm
  • Crimes that involve white-collar activities
  • Crimes where someone uses or threatens force (correct)

What does the concept of 'hot spotting' relate to in crime studies?

  • The analysis of criminal motives
  • Map-making for public safety
  • Criminal profiling and its effectiveness
  • Identifying areas with frequent crime (correct)

What is meant by 'criminal justice reform'?

  • Reducing penalties for all crimes
  • Introducing new laws against minor offenses
  • Building more prisons to accommodate offenders
  • Improving the legal and prison systems (correct)

Which law significantly increased drug penalties in 1952?

<p>Boggs Act (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'self-fulfilling prophecy' imply?

<p>A belief that causes itself to come true (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which concept refers to the practice of jailing large numbers of people?

<p>Mass incarceration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which president is associated with the Republican party?

<p>Ronald Reagan (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'disproportionate impact' imply in the context of crime?

<p>Unequal effects on certain groups (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which act primarily focused on taxing and restricting marijuana?

<p>Marijuana Tax Act of 1937 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary characteristic of the 'Prison Industrial Complex'?

<p>Businesses profiting from inmates (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'stop and frisk' entail in law enforcement?

<p>Temporary stopping and searching people (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes a significant change in political beliefs?

<p>Ideological shift (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of pre-trial diversion programs?

<p>To avoid trial for minor crimes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which legal case allowed stop-and-frisk if reasonable suspicion exists?

<p>Terry v. Ohio (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a reasonable solution in legal contexts?

<p>A fair and logical fix (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the term 'ideological shift'?

<p>A major change in political beliefs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of punitive measures in the criminal justice system?

<p>Punishment of offenders (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'mass incarceration' refer to?

<p>Jailing large numbers of people (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which act was enacted in 1956 to impose stricter drug punishments?

<p>Narcotic Control Act (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which concept best explains the 'Prison Industrial Complex'?

<p>Businesses profiting from prisoners (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'reasonable solution' imply in legal contexts?

<p>A fair and logical fix (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of crime mapping?

<p>To study crime locations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes 'stop and frisk'?

<p>A temporary stop and search based on reasonable suspicion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of 'hot spotting' in law enforcement?

<p>Identifying areas with frequent crime (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the unequal effects of laws on specific groups?

<p>Disproportionate impact (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Violent Crime

A crime where someone uses or threatens force against another person.

Crime Mapping

Using maps to pinpoint crime locations and trends.

Hot Spotting

Identifying areas with a high concentration of crime.

Stop and Frisk

Police briefly stopping and searching people for weapons or contraband.

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Ideological Shift

A major change in political beliefs or values.

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Trauma

Serious physical or emotional harm caused by an event, injury, or stressful experience.

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Punitive

Focused on punishment or inflicting penalties. Often used in the context of law enforcement and criminal justice.

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Mass Incarceration

Jailing large numbers of people, often disproportionately affecting certain groups.

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Prison Industrial Complex

A network of businesses that profit from the prison system, including private prisons, security companies, and food providers.

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Reasonable Solution

A fair and logical fix to a problem, considering all perspectives.

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Self-fulfilling Prophecy

A belief that causes itself to come true; a prediction that influences behavior to make it happen.

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Disproportionate Impact

Unequal effects on certain groups, often based on race, ethnicity, or socioeconomic status.

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Criminal Justice Reform

Improving the legal and prison systems to address fairness, equity, and effectiveness.

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Pre-trial Diversion

Programs that allow people accused of minor crimes to avoid trial and instead participate in community-based services or treatment.

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Terry V Ohio (1968)

A landmark Supreme Court case that allows police to stop and frisk individuals based on reasonable suspicion of criminal activity.

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Marijuana Tax Act of 1937

A law that heavily taxed and restricted marijuana, effectively making it illegal for most Americans, while using tax revenue to fund law enforcement.

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Boggs Act (1952)

A law that significantly increased penalties for drug offenses, including longer prison sentences and mandatory minimums.

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Narcotic Control Act (1956)

A law that strengthened drug enforcement, establishing stricter regulations and penalties for offenses.

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Rockefeller Drug Laws (1973)

A set of New York state laws imposing harsh penalties for drug offenses, including long prison sentences even for small amounts of drugs.

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What was the effect of the shift in political beliefs?

This shift in political beliefs led to a focus on punishment and law enforcement, resulting in the War on Drugs and increased incarceration.

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What are the consequences of the focus on punishment?

The focus on punishment led to increased incarceration, disproportionately affecting certain communities and contributing to the Prison Industrial Complex.

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What is 'Pre-trial diversion?'

Programs that allow individuals facing minor offenses to participate in community-based interventions or treatment instead of going to trial.

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What is a reasonable solution?

A fair and logical approach to a problem that considers all perspectives and aims for a balanced outcome.

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What is a self-fulfilling prophecy in the context of criminal justice?

When a belief or expectation about crime, such as increased policing in a certain area, leads to an increase in crime, fulfilling the initial prediction.

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What is Criminal Justice Reform?

Efforts to improve the fairness, effectiveness, and equity of the legal and prison systems.

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Study Notes

Crime Definitions and Concepts

  • Violent crime: A crime where someone uses or threatens force.
  • Trauma: Serious physical or emotional harm.
  • Crime mapping: Using maps to study crime locations.
  • Hot spotting: Identifying areas with frequent crime.
  • Stop and frisk: Police temporarily stopping and searching people.

Political Figures and Affiliations

  • Franklin D. Roosevelt: Democrat
  • Harry S. Truman: Democrat
  • Dwight D. Eisenhower: Republican
  • John F. Kennedy: Democrat
  • Lyndon B. Johnson: Democrat
  • Richard Nixon: Republican
  • Gerald Ford: Republican
  • Jimmy Carter: Democrat
  • Ronald Reagan: Republican
  • Ideological shift: A major change in political beliefs.
  • Marijuana Tax Act of 1937: A law taxing and restricting marijuana.
  • Punitive: Focused on punishment.
  • Mass incarceration: Jailing large numbers of people.
  • Prison Industrial Complex: Businesses profiting from inmates.

Justice System Reforms and Solutions

  • Self-fulfilling prophecy: A belief that causes itself to come true.
  • Disproportionate impact: Unequal effects on certain groups.
  • Criminal justice reform: Improving the legal and prison systems.
  • Pre-trial diversion: Programs to avoid trial for minor crimes.
  • Boggs Act: 1952 law increasing drug penalties.
  • Narcotic Control Act: 1956 law with stricter drug punishments.
  • Rockefeller Drug Laws: Harsh New York drug penalties (1973).
  • Terry v Ohio (1968): Court case allowing stop-and-frisk if reasonable suspicion exists.

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Description

Explore key definitions and concepts related to crime and notable political figures in U.S. history. This quiz covers violent crime, trauma, and essential political affiliations from Franklin D. Roosevelt to Ronald Reagan. Test your understanding of these pivotal topics.

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