Craniofacial Development Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primitive stomatodeum?

A small bump on the developing face

A deep narrow depression in the developing face

A group of cells that will form the heart

A wide, shallow depression in the developing face (correct)

What separates the stomatodeum from the developing heart?

Branchial clefts

Pharyngeal pouches

Branchial arches (correct)

The buccopharyngeal membrane

How many branchial arches are there?

There are 5 arches, but one of them disappears.

6 (correct)

What is the basic structure of each branchial arch?

Cartilage, nerve, and artery Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the first pharyngeal arch?

It forms the bones of the face Signup and view all the answers

What derives from the maxillary process of the first pharyngeal arch?

The structures that constitute the maxilla and the palate Signup and view all the answers

Which cartilage is derived from the first pharyngeal arch?

Meckel's cartilage Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is derived from the second pharyngeal arch?

Stylohyoid Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary location of the mesoderm at the end of gastrulation?

Between the ectoderm and endoderm layers Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is associated with the first pharyngeal arch?

CNV trigeminal Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following tissues is derived from the endoderm germ layer?

Gut Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical age range for surgically correcting a cleft palate?

3-8 months Signup and view all the answers

Which pharyngeal arch is associated with the constrictors of pharynx?

Fourth pharyngeal arch Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct sequence of germ layers from outermost to innermost at the end of gastrulation?

Ectoderm, Mesoderm, Endoderm Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of Mandibulofacial dystostosis (Treacher-Collins syndrome)?

Underdeveloped facial bones and micrognathia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following tissues is NOT derived from the mesoderm germ layer?

Epidermis Signup and view all the answers

Which cartilage is derived from the third pharyngeal arch?

Greater horns of hyoid Signup and view all the answers

What is often associated with cleft palate?

Mandibulofacial dystostosis (Treacher-Collins syndrome) Signup and view all the answers

Which pharyngeal arch is associated with the intrinsic muscles of the larynx?

Sixth pharyngeal arch Signup and view all the answers

What is a common feature of Acro-facial dysostosis?

A prominent forehead Signup and view all the answers

How many germ layers are present in the embryo at the end of gastrulation?

3 Signup and view all the answers

What is Hemifacial microsomia characterized by?

Great variability in clinical manifestations Signup and view all the answers

What may be associated with Nager syndrome?

Both A and B Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cranial nerves innervates the sensory receptors in the 1st arch of the tongue?

Cranial nerve V Signup and view all the answers

At which week of development does the distal tip of the tongue form?

6 weeks Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles is derived from the head mesoderm and innervated by the vagus nerve X?

Palatoglossus muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the congenital anomaly where the tongue is tied to the floor of the mouth?

Ankylogossia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is formed from the median tongue bud?

Anterior 2/3 of the tongue Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Pharyngeal Arches and Pouches

Form in the 4th and 5th weeks of development
5 arches (1, 2, 3, 4, and 6) and 5 corresponding pouches
Each arch consists of a 'bar' of mesenchymal tissue, lined on the outside by ectoderm and inside by endoderm
Separated from each other by deep clefts on the outside and pouches on the inside

Branchial Arches Structure

Cartilage, nerve, and artery components
Ectoderm outside, mesenchyme in the middle, and endoderm inside
Each arch has its own cranial nerve

First Pharyngeal Arch

Gives origin to the bones of the two lower thirds of the face
Divided into maxillary and mandibular processes
Maxillary process forms the maxilla, premaxilla, zygomatic bone, and squamous part of the temporal bone
Innervated by cranial nerve V (trigeminal)

Tongue Development

Multiple origins: foramen cecum, median tongue bud, and posterior tongue buds
Innervated by multiple nerves: cranial nerve V (trigeminal), facial nerve VII, glossopharyngeal IX, and vagus nerve X
Muscles from occipital somites (hypoglossal nerve XII) and head mesoderm (vagus nerve X)

Pharyngeal Arch Cartilages

1st arch: Meckel's cartilage (mandibular prominence)
2nd arch: Reichert's or hyoid cartilage
3rd arch: none
4th arch: none
6th arch: none

Pharyngeal Arch Muscles

1st arch: muscles of mastication
2nd arch: muscles of facial expression
3rd arch: stylopharyngeus
4th arch: constrictors of pharynx
6th arch: intrinsic muscles of the larynx