Cervical Spine, Cervical Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves, and Skull Osteology

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Which cranial suture lies between the frontal and parietal bones?

Sagittal suture

Coronal suture (correct)

Lambdoid suture

Squamosal suture

The lambdoid suture is located between which bones?

Frontal and parietal

Temporal and sphenoid

Parietal and occipital (correct)

Sphenoid and frontal

The superior temporal line serves as an attachment for which structure?

Temporalis muscle

Masseter muscle

Temporal fascia (correct)

Sternocleidomastoid

Which cranial fossa houses the cerebellum?

Posterior cranial fossa Signup and view all the answers

The middle cranial fossa is primarily associated with which bones?

Sphenoid and temporal Signup and view all the answers

Lordosis is a curvature most prominent in which regions of the vertebral column?

Cervical and lumbar Signup and view all the answers

The intervertebral foramina are formed by which structures? A) Spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae B) Superior and inferior vertebral notches C) Vertebral arches of adjacent vertebrae D) Transverse processes of adjacent vertebrae

Superior and inferior vertebral notches Signup and view all the answers

What structure covers the vertebral body?

Cartilaginous endplate Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of thoracic vertebrae?

Costal facets for rib articulation Signup and view all the answers

Which ligament runs along the anterior surface of the vertebral bodies and prevents hyperextension of the spine?

Anterior longitudinal ligament Signup and view all the answers

The vertebral canal is formed by which structure?

Vertebral arches and bodies Signup and view all the answers

The intervertebral discs are composed of which two main parts?

Nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the vertebra forms the posterior boundary of the vertebral foramen?

Lamina Signup and view all the answers

The potential subdural space is found in which of the following areas? (Select one)

Between the arachnoid mater and dura mater Signup and view all the answers

Which vertebra is also known as the atlas?

C1 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary movement allowed by the atlantoaxial joint (C1-C2)?

Rotation Signup and view all the answers

Which structure passes through the transverse foramina of cervical vertebrae?

Vertebral artery Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint is formed between adjacent vertebral bodies?

Fibrocartilaginous joint Signup and view all the answers

Which ligament connects the tips of the spinous processes?

Supraspinous ligament Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the annulus fibrosus in the intervertebral disc?

Preventing herniation of the nucleus pulposus Signup and view all the answers

Which ligament runs along the posterior aspect of the vertebral bodies inside the vertebral canal?

Posterior longitudinal ligament Signup and view all the answers

Which ligament connects the anterior surfaces of the vertebral bodies?

Anterior longitudinal ligament Signup and view all the answers

The ligamenta flava are primarily responsible for:

Maintaining posture and recoil during flexion Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the nucleus pulposus within the intervertebral disc?

Acting as a gelatinous water cushion to absorb pressure Signup and view all the answers

The outer zone of the annulus fibrosus is characterized by:

High tensile strength and fibrous sheath structure Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint is found between the articular processes of adjacent vertebrae?

Plane synovial joint Signup and view all the answers

The cartilaginous endplate of the intervertebral disc is responsible for:

Connecting the annulus fibrosus to the vertebral body Signup and view all the answers

The annular epiphysis of the vertebral body is associated with which of the following?

The attachment of the annulus fibrosus Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the nuchal ligament in the cervical region?

Supports the head and serves as a site for muscle attachment Signup and view all the answers

During prolonged pressure on the intervertebral disc, what happens to the nucleus pulposus?

It releases water, causing the disc to become thinner Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc during nighttime when pressure is relieved?

It undergoes rehydration, increasing disc thickness Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc during nighttime when pressure is relieved?

It undergoes rehydration, increasing disc thickness Signup and view all the answers

The approximate reduction in body height during the day due to disc compression is:

1.5–2 cm Signup and view all the answers

Which cervical vertebra is characterized by the presence of the dens?

Axis (C2) Signup and view all the answers

The atlanto-occipital joint is classified as:

Synovial condyloid joint Signup and view all the answers

What is the main movement allowed by the atlanto-occipital joint? A) Rotation B) Flexion and extension (nodding motion) C) Lateral flexion D) Circumduction

Flexion and extension (nodding motion) Signup and view all the answers

The vertebral artery passes through which structure in cervical vertebrae?

Transverse foramina Signup and view all the answers

The characteristic feature of cervical vertebrae includes all of the following EXCEPT:

Costal facets for rib articulation Signup and view all the answers

The ligament that primarily resists excessive flexion of the cervical spine is:

Nuchal ligament Signup and view all the answers

What is the most distinguishing feature of the atlas (C1) compared to a typical vertebra?

Absence of a spinous process and body Signup and view all the answers

What unique structure is found on the axis (C2) that distinguishes it from other vertebrae?

Dens (odontoid process) Signup and view all the answers

How does the atlas (C1) articulate with the occipital bone?

Via superior articular facets forming the atlanto-occipital joint Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the dens (odontoid process) of the axis (C2)?

Acting as a pivot for rotation of the atlas and skull Signup and view all the answers

The atlas (C1) differs from a typical vertebra because it:

Has no intervertebral disc between it and the skull Signup and view all the answers

The dens (odontoid process) of the axis articulates with the atlas at which specific joint?

Median atlanto-axial joint Signup and view all the answers

Which arteries supply the cerebellum?

Basilar artery and its branches Signup and view all the answers

The Circle of Willis is formed by the anastomosis of which arteries?

Anterior and posterior cerebral arteries with the anterior and posterior communicating arteries Signup and view all the answers

Which artery is the direct branch of the basilar artery that supplies the pons?

Pontine arteries Signup and view all the answers

The anterior communicating artery connects which two arteries in the Circle of Willis?

Anterior cerebral arteries Signup and view all the answers

The posterior cerebral artery arises from which artery?

Basilar artery Signup and view all the answers

Which artery supplies the inner ear (labyrinth)?

Labyrinthine artery Signup and view all the answers

Which vein drains the blood from the brain into the superior vena cava?

Internal jugular vein Signup and view all the answers

The middle cerebral artery is a branch of which major artery?

Internal carotid artery Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a content of the suboccipital triangle?

Vertebral artery Signup and view all the answers

What nerve is associated with the posterior ramus of C1?

Suboccipital nerve Signup and view all the answers

The suboccipital triangle is bordered by which of the following muscles? a) Obliquus capitis superior, rectus capitis posterior major, obliquus capitis inferior b) Trapezius, levator scapulae, rhomboid major c) Longus colli, splenius capitis, semispinalis capitis d) Sternocleidomastoid, scalene muscles, anterior digastric

Obliquus capitis superior, rectus capitis posterior major, obliquus capitis inferior Signup and view all the answers

What structure is directly adherent to the spinal cord and found in the innermost layer of the meninges?

Pia mater Signup and view all the answers

The cervical spinal cord has how many pairs of spinal nerves?

8 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cervical spinal nerves contributes to the brachial plexus? A) C1 B) C5 C) C3 D) C8

C5 Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve arises from the posterior ramus of C2 and is responsible for the sensation of the posterior scalp?

Great occipital nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is NOT a component of the meninges of the spinal cord?

Peritoneum Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the function of the anterior root of a spinal nerve?

Transmits efferent (motor) fibers Signup and view all the answers

The posterior ramus of the spinal nerve primarily innervates which structure?

Skin and muscles of the back Signup and view all the answers

The suboccipital nerve is a branch of which spinal nerve?

C1 Signup and view all the answers

From which spinal nerve root does the great occipital nerve arise?

C2 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true regarding the posterior ramus of C3?

It gives off the third occipital nerve Signup and view all the answers

The trunk of the spinal nerve is formed by the union of which two structures?

Anterior root and posterior root Signup and view all the answers

The anterior ramus of a spinal nerve primarily innervates which region?

Limbs and anterior trunk Signup and view all the answers

What makes the posterior ramus of C1 different from other cervical posterior rami?

It is smaller than the anterior ramus and gives off the suboccipital nerve. Signup and view all the answers

The posterior ramus of C2 differs from other posterior rami because it:

Gives off the great occipital nerve as its medial branch. Signup and view all the answers

The third occipital nerve arises from the posterior ramus of which cervical spinal nerve?

C3 Signup and view all the answers

What is the main functional difference between the posterior ramus of C1 and other cervical spinal nerves?

The posterior ramus of C1 innervates the suboccipital region only. Signup and view all the answers

The suboccipital nerve is unique because it is:

A purely motor nerve that innervates muscles of the suboccipital region. Signup and view all the answers

Cervical Spine, Cervical Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves, and Skull Osteology

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Questions and Answers

Which cranial suture lies between the frontal and parietal bones?

The lambdoid suture is located between which bones?

The superior temporal line serves as an attachment for which structure?

Which cranial fossa houses the cerebellum?

The middle cranial fossa is primarily associated with which bones?

Lordosis is a curvature most prominent in which regions of the vertebral column?

The intervertebral foramina are formed by which structures? A) Spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae B) Superior and inferior vertebral notches C) Vertebral arches of adjacent vertebrae D) Transverse processes of adjacent vertebrae

What structure covers the vertebral body?

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of thoracic vertebrae?

Which ligament runs along the anterior surface of the vertebral bodies and prevents hyperextension of the spine?

The vertebral canal is formed by which structure?

The intervertebral discs are composed of which two main parts?

Which part of the vertebra forms the posterior boundary of the vertebral foramen?

The potential subdural space is found in which of the following areas? (Select one)

Which vertebra is also known as the atlas?

What is the primary movement allowed by the atlantoaxial joint (C1-C2)?

Which structure passes through the transverse foramina of cervical vertebrae?

What type of joint is formed between adjacent vertebral bodies?

Which ligament connects the tips of the spinous processes?

What is the function of the annulus fibrosus in the intervertebral disc?

Which ligament runs along the posterior aspect of the vertebral bodies inside the vertebral canal?

Which ligament connects the anterior surfaces of the vertebral bodies?

The ligamenta flava are primarily responsible for:

What is the primary role of the nucleus pulposus within the intervertebral disc?

The outer zone of the annulus fibrosus is characterized by:

What type of joint is found between the articular processes of adjacent vertebrae?

The cartilaginous endplate of the intervertebral disc is responsible for:

The annular epiphysis of the vertebral body is associated with which of the following?

What is the primary function of the nuchal ligament in the cervical region?

During prolonged pressure on the intervertebral disc, what happens to the nucleus pulposus?

What happens to the nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc during nighttime when pressure is relieved?

What happens to the nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc during nighttime when pressure is relieved?

The approximate reduction in body height during the day due to disc compression is:

Which cervical vertebra is characterized by the presence of the dens?

The atlanto-occipital joint is classified as:

What is the main movement allowed by the atlanto-occipital joint? A) Rotation B) Flexion and extension (nodding motion) C) Lateral flexion D) Circumduction

The vertebral artery passes through which structure in cervical vertebrae?

The characteristic feature of cervical vertebrae includes all of the following EXCEPT:

The ligament that primarily resists excessive flexion of the cervical spine is:

What is the most distinguishing feature of the atlas (C1) compared to a typical vertebra?

What unique structure is found on the axis (C2) that distinguishes it from other vertebrae?

How does the atlas (C1) articulate with the occipital bone?

What is the primary role of the dens (odontoid process) of the axis (C2)?

The atlas (C1) differs from a typical vertebra because it:

The dens (odontoid process) of the axis articulates with the atlas at which specific joint?

Which arteries supply the cerebellum?

The Circle of Willis is formed by the anastomosis of which arteries?

Which artery is the direct branch of the basilar artery that supplies the pons?

The anterior communicating artery connects which two arteries in the Circle of Willis?

The posterior cerebral artery arises from which artery?

Which artery supplies the inner ear (labyrinth)?

Which vein drains the blood from the brain into the superior vena cava?

The middle cerebral artery is a branch of which major artery?

Which of the following is a content of the suboccipital triangle?

What nerve is associated with the posterior ramus of C1?

What structure is directly adherent to the spinal cord and found in the innermost layer of the meninges?

The cervical spinal cord has how many pairs of spinal nerves?

Which of the following cervical spinal nerves contributes to the brachial plexus? A) C1 B) C5 C) C3 D) C8

Which nerve arises from the posterior ramus of C2 and is responsible for the sensation of the posterior scalp?

Which of the following structures is NOT a component of the meninges of the spinal cord?

Which of the following is the function of the anterior root of a spinal nerve?

The posterior ramus of the spinal nerve primarily innervates which structure?

The suboccipital nerve is a branch of which spinal nerve?

From which spinal nerve root does the great occipital nerve arise?

Which of the following is true regarding the posterior ramus of C3?

The trunk of the spinal nerve is formed by the union of which two structures?

The anterior ramus of a spinal nerve primarily innervates which region?

What makes the posterior ramus of C1 different from other cervical posterior rami?

The posterior ramus of C2 differs from other posterior rami because it:

The third occipital nerve arises from the posterior ramus of which cervical spinal nerve?

What is the main functional difference between the posterior ramus of C1 and other cervical spinal nerves?

The suboccipital nerve is unique because it is:

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