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Which nerve primarily supplies the posterior part of the upper neck and adjacent scalp behind the auricle?
Which nerve primarily supplies the posterior part of the upper neck and adjacent scalp behind the auricle?
The great auricular nerve is responsible for the skin of the face over the angle of the mandible and the parotid gland.
The great auricular nerve is responsible for the skin of the face over the angle of the mandible and the parotid gland.
True
What are the three roots entering each parasympathetic ganglion?
What are the three roots entering each parasympathetic ganglion?
Parasympathetic root, sympathetic root, sensory root
The ______ nerve supplies the skin of the front of the neck from chin to sternum.
The ______ nerve supplies the skin of the front of the neck from chin to sternum.
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Which group of branches from the supraclavicular nerve supplies skin as far down as the second rib?
Which group of branches from the supraclavicular nerve supplies skin as far down as the second rib?
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Which of the following is NOT a component of the Vestibulocochlear Nerve (VIII)?
Which of the following is NOT a component of the Vestibulocochlear Nerve (VIII)?
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The sympathetic root carries presynaptic parasympathetic fibers.
The sympathetic root carries presynaptic parasympathetic fibers.
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Match the following nerves with their primary areas of supply:
Match the following nerves with their primary areas of supply:
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The cochlear nerve enters the brainstem at the upper border of the pons.
The cochlear nerve enters the brainstem at the upper border of the pons.
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What is the primary role of the vestibular fibers in the Vestibulocochlear Nerve?
What is the primary role of the vestibular fibers in the Vestibulocochlear Nerve?
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Which nerve crosses the acromion to supply skin halfway down the deltoid muscle?
Which nerve crosses the acromion to supply skin halfway down the deltoid muscle?
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The glossopharyngeal nerve supplies the _____ gland using secretomotor fibers.
The glossopharyngeal nerve supplies the _____ gland using secretomotor fibers.
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Match the branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve with their descriptions:
Match the branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve with their descriptions:
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Which cranial nerve is responsible for taste and general sensation in the posterior one-third of the tongue?
Which cranial nerve is responsible for taste and general sensation in the posterior one-third of the tongue?
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The vagus nerve is considered the largest cranial nerve.
The vagus nerve is considered the largest cranial nerve.
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Where does the glossopharyngeal nerve exit the skull?
Where does the glossopharyngeal nerve exit the skull?
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Which of the following muscles does NOT receive direct supply from the cervical plexus?
Which of the following muscles does NOT receive direct supply from the cervical plexus?
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The phrenic nerve is solely responsible for motor supply to the diaphragm.
The phrenic nerve is solely responsible for motor supply to the diaphragm.
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What fibers contribute to the formation of the inferior root of the ansa cervicalis?
What fibers contribute to the formation of the inferior root of the ansa cervicalis?
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The branches from _____ and _____ to the trapezius are mainly proprioceptive.
The branches from _____ and _____ to the trapezius are mainly proprioceptive.
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Match the cervical nerves to their functions:
Match the cervical nerves to their functions:
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Which of the following muscles is supplied by the cervical plexus?
Which of the following muscles is supplied by the cervical plexus?
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Explain the route of the phrenic nerve after it is formed.
Explain the route of the phrenic nerve after it is formed.
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The cervical plexus contributes to the sensory supply of the scalp, face, and chest.
The cervical plexus contributes to the sensory supply of the scalp, face, and chest.
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Which ganglion is suspended from the maxillary nerve?
Which ganglion is suspended from the maxillary nerve?
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The ciliary ganglion is suspended from the lingual nerve.
The ciliary ganglion is suspended from the lingual nerve.
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What type of fibers arise from the Edinger-Westphal nucleus?
What type of fibers arise from the Edinger-Westphal nucleus?
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The _______ ganglion supplies the sphincter pupillae muscle.
The _______ ganglion supplies the sphincter pupillae muscle.
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What is the name of the small nerve that arises from the facial nerve in the middle ear?
What is the name of the small nerve that arises from the facial nerve in the middle ear?
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Match the following ganglia with their suspended nerves:
Match the following ganglia with their suspended nerves:
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The greater superficial petrosal nerve joins with the deep petrosal nerve before entering the pterygoid canal.
The greater superficial petrosal nerve joins with the deep petrosal nerve before entering the pterygoid canal.
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Name one muscle supplied by postganglionic fibers from the ciliary ganglion.
Name one muscle supplied by postganglionic fibers from the ciliary ganglion.
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What does the glossopharyngeal nerve provide to the submandibular and sublingual glands?
What does the glossopharyngeal nerve provide to the submandibular and sublingual glands?
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The lesser superficial petrosal nerve connects directly to the submandibular ganglion.
The lesser superficial petrosal nerve connects directly to the submandibular ganglion.
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What is the function of the tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve?
What is the function of the tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve?
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The cervical sympathetic trunk extends to the __________ of the vertebral column.
The cervical sympathetic trunk extends to the __________ of the vertebral column.
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Which ganglia fuse to form the superior cervical ganglion?
Which ganglia fuse to form the superior cervical ganglion?
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Match each type of ganglion with its associated cervical nerves:
Match each type of ganglion with its associated cervical nerves:
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The preganglionic fibers of the cervical part of the sympathetic chain only run downwards.
The preganglionic fibers of the cervical part of the sympathetic chain only run downwards.
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What is the name of the ganglion that is formed at the coccyx?
What is the name of the ganglion that is formed at the coccyx?
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Study Notes
Vestibulocochlear Nerve (VIII)
- Carries sensory information for hearing and balance.
- Composed of two divisions: vestibular (balance) and cochlear (hearing).
- Vestibular fibers originate in the vestibular ganglion, entering the brainstem between the pons and medulla.
- Cochlear fibers originate in the spiral ganglion of the cochlea, entering the brainstem at the lower pons, lateral to the facial nerve.
Glossopharyngeal Nerve (IX)
- Possesses motor, sensory, and parasympathetic nuclei.
- Intracranial course: Exits the medulla oblongata, passes through the jugular foramen.
- Extracranial course: Descends in the neck, innervating the stylopharyngeus muscle, parotid gland, posterior tongue, pharynx, carotid sinus, and body.
- Branches: tympanic (forms tympanic plexus, supplies middle ear structures), carotid (supplies internal carotid artery, carotid sinus, and body), pharyngeal (forms pharyngeal plexus), muscular (to stylopharyngeus), tonsillar (to tonsil, joins lesser palatine nerve), lingual (taste and sensation to posterior third of tongue).
Vagus Nerve (X)
- Largest cranial nerve.
- C1 fibers ascend with the hypoglossal nerve; C1 and C2 fibers ascend with the vagus nerve; C2 and C3 fibers ascend through the foramen magnum.
- Muscular branches innervate prevertebral muscles (longus capitis, longus colli, scalenes), contribute to the ansa cervicalis (innervating muscles of the neck), and innervate sternocleidomastoid and trapezius (mostly proprioceptive).
- Phrenic nerve (C3-C5, mainly C4) is the sole motor supply to the diaphragm, also has extensive afferent distribution to the pericardium, pleura, and peritoneum.
- Cervical plexus supplies rectus capitis anterior, rectus capitis lateralis, and levator scapulae muscles.
- Cutaneous branches supply the neck, scalp, face, and chest (lesser occipital, great auricular, transverse cervical, supraclavicular nerves).
Parasympathetic Ganglia of the Head and Neck
- Each ganglion receives parasympathetic (presynaptic), sympathetic (postsynaptic), and sensory roots.
- Suspended from branches of the trigeminal nerve: ciliary (from nasocilliary), sphenopalatine (from maxillary), submandibular (from lingual), otic (from mandibular).
Parasympathetic Nervous System: Cranial Nerves
- Oculomotor Nerve (III): Preganglionic fibers from the Edinger-Westphal nucleus synapse in the ciliary ganglion; postganglionic fibers innervate the sphincter pupillae and ciliary muscle.
- Facial Nerve (VII): Superior salivary nucleus in the pons; greater petrosal nerve synapses in the sphenopalatine ganglion (innervates glands of nose, orbit, palate, pharynx, lacrimal gland); chorda tympani joins the lingual nerve (innervates submandibular and sublingual glands and anterior two-thirds of tongue for taste).
- Glossopharyngeal Nerve (IX): Tympanic branch contributes to the tympanic plexus; lesser petrosal nerve synapses in the otic ganglion (innervates parotid gland).
Cervical Sympathetic Trunk
- Two chains, one on each side of the vertebral column extending from the atlas to the coccyx (ganglion impar).
- Contains three cervical ganglia (superior, middle, inferior), as well as thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal ganglia.
- Located between the prevertebral fascia and carotid sheath, behind the carotid arteries, and medial to the vagus nerve.
- Preganglionic fibers from upper thoracic segments ascend to synapse in cervical ganglia; postganglionic fibers leave as grey rami to cervical and cranial nerves.
- Superior cervical ganglion receives input from the four upper cervical ganglia and sends grey rami to the upper four cervical nerves.
- Middle cervical ganglion receives input from the fifth and sixth cervical ganglia and sends grey rami to the fifth and sixth cervical nerves.
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Description
This quiz focuses on the vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) and the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX), including their structure, functions, and pathways. Understand the roles these nerves play in hearing, balance, and various sensory and motor functions. Test your knowledge of their anatomy and clinical significance.
