Cranial Nerves Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the function of CN I (Olfactory)?

  • Taste
  • Vision
  • Hearing
  • Smell (correct)

Which cranial nerve is involved in controlling vision?

  • CN VI
  • CN II (correct)
  • CN IV
  • CN III

What cranial exit point does CN III (Oculomotor) exit from?

Superior Orbital Fissure

Which cranial nerve controls taste from the posterior one third of the tongue?

<p>CN IX (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

CN VII (Facial) is involved in motor functions only.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of CN VI (Abducens)?

<p>Motor to lateral rectus muscle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The cranial exit point for CN VIII (Vestibulocochlear) is the ______.

<p>Internal acoustic meatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve is the main parasympathetic nerve?

<p>CN X (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What muscle does CN IV (Trochlear) innervate?

<p>Superior Oblique</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the clinical case, which cranial nerve is most likely involved if the patient is unable to look downward and outward?

<p>CN IV (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of CN I (Olfactory)?

<p>Sensory for smell (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve is associated with the function of vision?

<p>CN II (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cranial exit for CN IV (Trochlear)?

<p>Superior Orbital Fissure</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of fibers does CN VII (Facial) have?

<p>Motor and Sensory Fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve is primarily responsible for lateral eye movement?

<p>CN VI (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main parasympathetic cranial nerve?

<p>CN X (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

CN III controls the muscle that moves the eyelid ______.

<p>superiorly</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the clinical case, what is the most likely affected cranial nerve?

<p>CN IV (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What muscle does CN IV (Trochlear) innervate?

<p>Superior oblique muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

CN I: Olfactory Nerve

The nerve responsible for the sense of smell.

CN II: Optic Nerve

The nerve responsible for vision from the retina.

CN III: Oculomotor Nerve

Controls eye movements (superior, inferior, medial rectus, inferior oblique) and eyelid elevation. Also involved in pupil constriction and lens accommodation.

CN IV: Trochlear Nerve

Controls the superior oblique muscle for downward and outward eye movement.

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CN V: Trigeminal Nerve

Has three divisions (V1, V2, V3) and handles sensory and motor functions in the face.

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CN VI: Abducens Nerve

Controls the lateral rectus muscle for lateral eye movement.

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CN VII: Facial Nerve

Controls facial expression, taste from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue, and sensation from the ear.

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CN VIII: Vestibulocochlear Nerve

Deals with vestibular sensation (balance) and hearing.

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CN IX: Glossopharyngeal Nerve

Involved in parasympathetic control of the parotid gland, motor function of the stylopharyngeus muscle, and sensation/taste from the tongue, ear, pharynx, carotid body, and carotid sinus.

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CN X: Vagus Nerve

Controls parasympathetic functions of the trachea, bronchi, and digestive tract. Also handles motor control of pharynx and larynx constrictors, and sensory information from various organs.

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CN XI: Spinal Accessory Nerve

Controls the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles.

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CN XII: Hypoglossal Nerve

Provides motor innervation to the muscles of the tongue.

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GSE

General Somatic Efferent; motor neurons to skeletal muscles

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SVE

Special Visceral Efferent; motor innervation to muscles derived from pharyngeal arches

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GVE

General Visceral Efferent; parasympathetic motor neurons to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands

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SSA

Special Somatic Afferent; sensory information from vision and hearing

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SVA

Special Visceral Afferent; sensory information from taste and smell

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GVA

General Visceral Afferent; sensory information from internal organs

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GSA

General Somatic Afferent; sensory information from skin, muscles and joints

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Study Notes

Cranial Nerves Overview

  • There are twelve cranial nerves (CN) that primarily supply the head and neck region.
  • Functions are classified as motor or sensory, with various subtypes:
    • GSE: General Somatic Efferent
    • SVE: Special Visceral Efferent
    • GVE: General Visceral Efferent
    • SSA: Special Somatic Afferent
    • SVA: Special Visceral Afferent
    • GVA: General Visceral Afferent
    • GSA: General Somatic Afferent

CN I: Olfactory

  • Function: Smell (SSA)
  • Cranial Exit: Foramina in the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone
  • Processed: Olfactory cortex

CN II: Optic

  • Function: Vision from retina (SSA)
  • Cranial Exit: Optic Canal
  • Processed: Superior colliculus and visual cortex

CN III: Oculomotor

  • Motor Function: Controls eye movements (GSE) for superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, inferior oblique, and levator palpebrae superioris
  • Parasympathetic Function: Controls sphincter pupillae and ciliary muscle (GVE) for pupil constriction and lens accommodation
  • Cranial Exit: Superior Orbital Fissure
  • Nuclei: Oculomotor nuclei and Edinger-Westphal nucleus

CN IV: Trochlear

  • Function: Motor to superior oblique muscle for eye movement (GSE)
  • Cranial Exit: Superior Orbital Fissure
  • Nuclei: Trochlear nuclei in the lower midbrain

CN V: Trigeminal Nerve

  • Consists of three divisions:
    • V1 (Ophthalmic): Sensory
    • V2 (Maxillary): Sensory
    • V3 (Mandibular): Motor
  • Nuclei located: Pons

CN VI: Abducens

  • Function: Motor to lateral rectus muscle for lateral eye movement (GSE)
  • Cranial Exit: Superior Orbital Fissure
  • Nuclei: Abducens nuclei in lower pons

CN VII: Facial

  • Motor Function: Controls muscles of facial expression, stapedius, and some salivary glands (SVE)
  • Sensory Function: Taste from the anterior two-thirds of tongue and sensation from the external acoustic meatus (GSA)
  • Cranial Exit: Internal acoustic meatus; stylomastoid foramen
  • Nuclei: Facial nuclei in lower pons

CN VIII: Vestibulocochlear

  • Function: Vestibular sensation and hearing (SSA)
  • Cranial Exit: Internal acoustic meatus
  • Processed: Vestibular nuclei in upper medulla/lower pons

CN IX: Glossopharyngeal

  • Functions:
    • SVE: Parasympathetic to parotid gland
    • GVE: Motor to stylopharyngeus
    • GSA: Sensation from ear and pharynx
    • GVA: Sensation from carotid body and sinus
    • SVA: Taste from posterior one-third of tongue
  • Cranial Exit: Jugular Foramen
  • Nuclei located in: Medulla

CN X: Vagus

  • Functions:
    • Motor: Parasympathetic control of trachea, bronchi, digestive tract; motor to constrictors of pharynx and larynx
    • Sensory: Sensation from various organs, including heart and intestines
    • Taste: From epiglottis and palate
  • Cranial Exit: Jugular Foramen
  • Nuclei located in: Medulla

CN XI: Spinal Accessory

  • Function: Motor to sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
  • Cranial Exit: Jugular foramen

CN XII: Hypoglossal

  • Function: Motor innervation to tongue muscles
  • Cranial Exit: Preolivary sulcus in upper medulla

Clinical Case Overview

  • A patient with cranial injuries exhibits double vision and can’t look downward and outward simultaneously with the right eye.
  • Possible affected structure likely is CN IV (Trochlear Nerve) due to its role in controlling eye movement via the superior oblique muscle.

Key Facts about Eye Movement

  • CN IV (Trochlear): Innervates the superior oblique muscle, responsible for downward and outward eye movement.
  • CN III (Oculomotor): Involves multiple eye muscles and reflex functions including pupil constriction.
  • CN VI (Abducens): Manages lateral movement by controlling the lateral rectus muscle.

Cranial Nerves Overview

  • There are twelve cranial nerves (CN) that primarily supply the head and neck region.
  • Functions are classified as motor or sensory, with various subtypes:
    • GSE: General Somatic Efferent
    • SVE: Special Visceral Efferent
    • GVE: General Visceral Efferent
    • SSA: Special Somatic Afferent
    • SVA: Special Visceral Afferent
    • GVA: General Visceral Afferent
    • GSA: General Somatic Afferent

CN I: Olfactory

  • Function: Smell (SSA)
  • Cranial Exit: Foramina in the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone
  • Processed: Olfactory cortex

CN II: Optic

  • Function: Vision from retina (SSA)
  • Cranial Exit: Optic Canal
  • Processed: Superior colliculus and visual cortex

CN III: Oculomotor

  • Motor Function: Controls eye movements (GSE) for superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, inferior oblique, and levator palpebrae superioris
  • Parasympathetic Function: Controls sphincter pupillae and ciliary muscle (GVE) for pupil constriction and lens accommodation
  • Cranial Exit: Superior Orbital Fissure
  • Nuclei: Oculomotor nuclei and Edinger-Westphal nucleus

CN IV: Trochlear

  • Function: Motor to superior oblique muscle for eye movement (GSE)
  • Cranial Exit: Superior Orbital Fissure
  • Nuclei: Trochlear nuclei in the lower midbrain

CN V: Trigeminal Nerve

  • Consists of three divisions:
    • V1 (Ophthalmic): Sensory
    • V2 (Maxillary): Sensory
    • V3 (Mandibular): Motor
  • Nuclei located: Pons

CN VI: Abducens

  • Function: Motor to lateral rectus muscle for lateral eye movement (GSE)
  • Cranial Exit: Superior Orbital Fissure
  • Nuclei: Abducens nuclei in lower pons

CN VII: Facial

  • Motor Function: Controls muscles of facial expression, stapedius, and some salivary glands (SVE)
  • Sensory Function: Taste from the anterior two-thirds of tongue and sensation from the external acoustic meatus (GSA)
  • Cranial Exit: Internal acoustic meatus; stylomastoid foramen
  • Nuclei: Facial nuclei in lower pons

CN VIII: Vestibulocochlear

  • Function: Vestibular sensation and hearing (SSA)
  • Cranial Exit: Internal acoustic meatus
  • Processed: Vestibular nuclei in upper medulla/lower pons

CN IX: Glossopharyngeal

  • Functions:
    • SVE: Parasympathetic to parotid gland
    • GVE: Motor to stylopharyngeus
    • GSA: Sensation from ear and pharynx
    • GVA: Sensation from carotid body and sinus
    • SVA: Taste from posterior one-third of tongue
  • Cranial Exit: Jugular Foramen
  • Nuclei located in: Medulla

CN X: Vagus

  • Functions:
    • Motor: Parasympathetic control of trachea, bronchi, digestive tract; motor to constrictors of pharynx and larynx
    • Sensory: Sensation from various organs, including heart and intestines
    • Taste: From epiglottis and palate
  • Cranial Exit: Jugular Foramen
  • Nuclei located in: Medulla

CN XI: Spinal Accessory

  • Function: Motor to sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
  • Cranial Exit: Jugular foramen

CN XII: Hypoglossal

  • Function: Motor innervation to tongue muscles
  • Cranial Exit: Preolivary sulcus in upper medulla

Clinical Case Overview

  • A patient with cranial injuries exhibits double vision and can’t look downward and outward simultaneously with the right eye.
  • Possible affected structure likely is CN IV (Trochlear Nerve) due to its role in controlling eye movement via the superior oblique muscle.

Key Facts about Eye Movement

  • CN IV (Trochlear): Innervates the superior oblique muscle, responsible for downward and outward eye movement.
  • CN III (Oculomotor): Involves multiple eye muscles and reflex functions including pupil constriction.
  • CN VI (Abducens): Manages lateral movement by controlling the lateral rectus muscle.

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