Cranial Nerves Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which cranial nerve is responsible for the sense of smell?

  • Olfactory nerve (correct)
  • Vestibulocochlear nerve
  • Optic nerve
  • Trigeminal nerve

    • What is a characteristic feature of the olfactory nerve?

  • It is the longest cranial nerve
  • It has both sensory and motor components
  • It is responsible for vision
  • It is unmyelinated (correct)

    • What is a common cause of damage to the olfactory nerve?

  • Hormonal imbalances
  • Infections
  • Vitamin deficiencies
  • Head injuries (correct)

    • How is the function of the optic nerve tested?

    <p>By testing the patient's visual acuity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a cause of optic nerve defects?

    <p>Stroke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the optic nerve?

    <p>To transmit sensory information from the retina to the primary visual cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What nerve component supplies the muscles of mastication?

    <p>V nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a UMN lesion on the VII nerve?

    <p>Half the face is affected, excluding the forehead</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the VIII nerve?

    <p>Sensory function for hearing and balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the IX nerve?

    <p>Sensory function for taste to the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a unilateral lesion to the X nerve?

    <p>uvula deviation towards the unaffected side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the XI nerve?

    <p>Motor function for spinal cord innervation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the XII nerve?

    <p>Motor function for tongue movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a LMN lesion on the VII nerve?

    <p>Half the face is affected, including the forehead</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the chorda tympani?

    <p>Taste to the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a bilateral lesion to the X nerve?

    <p>Total paralysis of the soft palate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What nerves are involved in the pupillary reflex pathway?

    <p>Optic nerve and oculomotor nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of a left optic nerve lesion?

    <p>Left direct reflex is lost, left consensual reflex is maintained</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the oculomotor nerve?

    <p>Motor function only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of a III nerve palsy?

    <p>Eye is fixed down and out</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are nerves III, IV, and VI tested?

    <p>Patient is asked to follow a pen as you draw out the letter H</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the component of function of the trigeminal nerve?

    <p>Motor and sensory function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sensory component of the trigeminal nerve divided into?

    <p>Ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of a IV nerve palsy?

    <p>Trauma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of a VI nerve palsy?

    <p>Eye cannot move laterally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the component of function of the trochlear and abducens nerves?

    <p>Motor function only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cranial Nerves

    • The 12 cranial nerves in order: Olfactory, Optic, Oculomotor, Trochlear, Trigeminal, Abducens, Facial, Vestibulocochlear, Glossopharyngeal, Vagus, Accessory, Hypoglossal
    • Shortest cranial nerve: Olfactory nerve
    • Olfactory nerve:
      • Features: Shortest cranial nerve, unmyelinated, sensory component only
      • Function: Sense of smell
      • Damage causes: Head injuries, tumours, neurodegenerative disorders
      • Testing: Ask about sense of smell changes, identify smells with eyes closed

    Optic Nerve

    • Function: Transmission of sensory information from retina to primary visual cortex
    • Defect causes: Trauma, tumour (e.g., pituitary adenoma), MS (optic neuritis), stroke
    • Testing:
      • Visual acuity: Ask patient to read from a printed page
      • Visual fields: Confrontation test
      • Pupillary reflex: Direct and consensual reflex
      • Fundoscopy: Ophthalmoscope examination
    • Pupillary reflex tests: Optic nerve (afferent pathway) and oculomotor nerve (efferent pathway)
    • Blindness types: Monocular (trauma), bitemporal hemianopia (acromegaly), homonymous hemianopia (stroke)

    Oculomotor, Trochlear, and Abducens Nerves

    • Functions: Motor component; supply extra-ocular muscles
    • Oculomotor nerve:
      • Supplies: Medial rectus, superior rectus, inferior rectus, inferior oblique, levator palpebrae superioris, parasympathetic fibres
      • Formula: SO4LR
    • Trochlear nerve:
      • Supplies: Superior oblique
    • Abducens nerve:
      • Supplies: Lateral rectus
    • Lesion effects: Diplopia (double vision)

    Trigeminal Nerve

    • Function: Motor and sensory
    • Causes of palsy: UMN lesions (brain cortex), LMN lesions (peripheral nerve fibres)
    • Sensory component: Divided into ophthalmic (V1), maxillary (V2), and mandibular (V3)
    • Testing:
      • Light touch and pin prick
      • Inspect and palpate temporalis/masseter muscles
      • Ask patient to open jaw against resistance

    Facial Nerve

    • Functions:
      1. Sensory: Taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue
      2. Motor: Muscles of facial expression, nerve to stapedius
      3. Secretomotor: Lacrimal, submandibular, and sublingual salivary glands
    • Causes of palsy:
      1. UMN lesions (stroke)
      2. LMN lesions (Bell's palsy, parotid tumour)
    • Testing:
      • Ask about changes to sense of taste
      • Ask about hearing (hyperacusis)
      • Facial movements against resistance

    Other Cranial Nerves

    • Vestibulocochlear nerve:
      • Function: Sensory - hearing and balance
      • Causes of defects: Acoustic neuroma, Paget's disease
      • Testing: Ask about hearing changes, whisper test, Rinne and Weber test
    • Glossopharyngeal nerve:
      • Functions: Sensory and motor
      • Innervations: Taste to posterior 1/3 of tongue, parasympathetic to parotid glands
      • Causes of palsy: Trauma, tumour, diptheria
      • Testing: Impaired gag reflex
    • Vagus nerve:
      • Functions: Motor; supplies pharynx, larynx, and soft palate
      • Causes of palsy: Trauma, brainstem lesion
      • Testing: Ask patient to say 'ah' to visualise uvula and soft palate
    • Accessory nerve:
      • Function: Motor; supplies spine
      • Cause of palsy: Stroke
      • Testing: Inspect and palpate trapezius/sternocleidomastoid, shrug shoulder against resistance, turn head against resistance
    • Hypoglossal nerve:
      • Function: Motor; supplies tongue motor function
      • Causes of palsy: Trauma, brainstem lesions
      • Testing: Ask patient to protrude tongue, inspect for wasting and fasciculation

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of the 12 cranial nerves, their functions, and characteristics. From the olfactory nerve to the hypoglossal nerve, see how well you know the cranial nerve system.

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