Cranial Nerves Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the facial nerve?

Taste from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

Autonomic control of the parotid gland

Motor control to the sternocleidomastoid muscle

Motor to the muscles of facial expression (correct)

Which cranial nerve is responsible for taste from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

Vagus nerve

Facial nerve

Glossopharyngeal nerve (correct)

Trigeminal nerve

What functions are associated with the vagus nerve?

Sensory and motor to the pharynx and larynx (correct)

Autonomic control of the submandibular gland

Motor to the intrinsic muscles of the tongue

Taste sensation from the anterior tongue

Which nerve controls tears and saliva secretion?

Facial nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles is innervated by the spinal accessory nerve?

Sternocleidomastoid Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve is responsible for the sense of smell?

Olfactory Nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve is formed by axons of the ganglionic cells in the retina?

Optic Nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the oculomotor nerve?

Control eye movement and pupil constriction Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve provides sensation for the skin of the face?

Trigeminal Nerve Signup and view all the answers

What are the main functions of the facial nerve?

Control facial expressions and taste sensations Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cranial nerves is not involved in the control of eye movement?

Optic Nerve Signup and view all the answers

The glossopharyngeal nerve is primarily associated with which function?

Taste perception and swallowing Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve provides autonomic impulses that constrict the pupil?

Oculomotor Nerve Signup and view all the answers

What type of muscle does the autonomic nervous system NOT innervate?

Skeletal muscle Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the conduction speed of the autonomic nervous system?

Slow conduction of impulses Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of the sympathetic nervous system compared to the parasympathetic nervous system?

Preganglionic neurons located in thoracolumbar region Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining feature of the autonomic motor pathway?

Involuntary control Signup and view all the answers

How does the distribution of ganglia differ between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?

Sympathetic ganglia form a 'chain' just outside the spinal cord Signup and view all the answers

What type of neuron structure is characteristic of the preganglionic neurons in the autonomic nervous system?

Myelinated Signup and view all the answers

What type of control does the somatic motor system exhibit compared to the autonomic system?

Voluntary control Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true regarding postganglionic neurons in the autonomic nervous system?

Exclusively located in the PNS Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary neurotransmitter used by postganglionic neurons in the sympathetic division?

Epinephrine Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following effects is associated with the sympathetic division's 'fight or flight' response?

Increased sweating Signup and view all the answers

Which structure acts as postganglionic neurons and secretes hormones into the bloodstream?

Suprarenal glands Signup and view all the answers

In which part of the body is the primary location of preganglionic neurons for the parasympathetic division?

Sacral region and brainstem Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a general effect of parasympathetic activity?

Enhanced digestive movement Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation on the urinary bladder?

Fill bladder Signup and view all the answers

In the sympathetic division, what happens to blood flow during 'fight or flight' responses?

Shunted to skeletal muscle Signup and view all the answers

What role do the glands located on top of the kidneys play in the sympathetic response?

They release hormones that prolong sympathetic effects. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cranial Nerves

12 pairs of nerves that leave the skull
Innervate the face, neck, thoracic, abdominal structures, and sensory organs
Each nerve numbered with roman numerals

Mnemonic Devices

Classical: On old Olympus's towering top a Finn and German viewed some hops
Modern: On, On, On, They Traveled And Found Voldemort Guarding Very Ancient Horcruxes

Nerves & Functions

I. Olfactory: Sense of smell
- Small nerves located in the nasal cavity roof
- Pass through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone
II. Optic: Vision
- Axons from the ganglionic cells of the retina form the optic nerve
III. Oculomotor, IV. Trochlear, VI. Abducens: Control skeletal muscles that move the eyeball
- Oculomotor: Also supplies autonomic impulses that constrict the pupil and change the shape of the lens
V. Trigeminal: Sensation for the skin of the face and teeth, and cavities of the head
- Innervates the muscles of mastication: masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid
VII. Facial: Controls muscles of facial expression, taste sensation from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue, and autonomic control of the lacrimal, submandibular, and sublingual glands
VIII. Vestibulocochlear: Hearing and balance
IX. Glossopharyngeal: Taste and touch from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue, autonomics to the parotid gland
X. Vagus: Somatic motor and sensory to the pharynx and larynx
- Autonomics to the heart and airway
- Autonomics control of smooth muscle and gland secretion in the digestive system
XI. Spinal Accessory: Motor to the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
XII. Hypoglossal: Muscles of the tongue including the styloglossus, genioglossus, hypoglossus, and intrinsic tongue mm.

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Visceral motor system that acts on cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands
Unconscious control - not voluntary, it's 'automatic'
Important for the fight or flight response

ANS Components

Central Nervous System: Limbic system, hypothalamus, brainstem, and spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System: Peripheral nerves, cranial nerves, spinal nerves

ANS: Two Neuron Chain

Ganglion: Collection of nerve cell bodies
Sympathetic and parasympathetic
Each impulse is carried on two types of neurons
- Preganglionic: Cell bodies in the CNS, axon begins in the CNS, exits, and synapses with postganglionic neuron
- Postganglionic: Exclusively in the peripheral nervous system, axon goes to target tissue, e.g., the heart, blood vessels, GI tract

Somatic vs. Autonomic Motor Systems

Somatic: conscious and voluntary, single neuron to effector, thick/heavily myelinated, rapid impulse conduction, innervates skeletal muscle, stimulatory
Autonomic: not under conscious control, involuntary, two neuron chain, preganglionic=myelinated, postganglionic=unmyelinated, slow impulse conduction, innervates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands, can be stimulatory or inhibitory

Sympathetic Nervous System

Differs from parasympathetic in pre/postganglionic neuron location, type of neurotransmitter used, and effects on the body
Preganglionic location: Grey matter of the thoracic and lumbar spinal cord - 'thoracolumbar' system (T1-T12 and L1-L2)
Sympathetic chain: Located just outside the spinal cord - preganglionic neurons synapse within the chain
- Some neurons pass through the chain and synapse in abdominal/pelvic ganglia, e.g., nerves to digestive organs

Sympathetic - Neurotransmitters & Effects

Neurotransmitters: preganglionic=Acetylcholine, postganglionic=epinephrine and norepinephrine
Effects: "Fight or Flight" response, e.g., increased heart rate, cessation of peristalsis, sweating, blood shunted to skeletal muscle, short term response that requires increased energy
Adrenal Medulla: Suprarenal glands sit on top of the kidneys, cells inside act as postganglionic neurons and secrete norepinephrine and epinephrine that travel via the bloodstream as hormones leading to an "adrenaline surge"

Sympathetic Pathway Summary:

From the brain (e.g., limbic system)
Descend to specific level of spinal cord
Exit the spinal cord
Enter sympathetic chain
- Synapse in chain
- Pass through chain and synapse in abdominal/pelvic ganglion
- Synapse with postganglionic neurons in adrenal medulla

Parasympathetic Nervous System

"CranioSacral system"
Preganglionic neuron locations: Nuclei of cranial nerves III, VII, IX, and X in the brainstem, and nuclei in the sacral region of the spinal cord
Postganglionic neuron locations: Close to the organ innervated, e.g., eye, glands, and visceral organs of the neck, thoracic, and abdominal cavity

Parasympathetic - Neurotransmitters & Effects

Neurotransmitters: Preganglionic=Acetylcholine, Postganglionic=Acetylcholine
Effects: "Resting/Digesting", active when the body is at rest, blood shunted toward the internal organs, long term response,conserves energy, regulates heart beat, breathing rate, etc.

Sympathetic vs. Parasympathetic Effects on Organ Systems

Heart Rate: Sympathetic=Increased, Parasympathetic=Decreased
Smooth Muscle of Bronchioles: Sympathetic=Dilate, Parasympathetic=Constrict
Urinary Bladder: Sympathetic=Fill, Parasympathetic=Expel
Digestive Movement: Sympathetic=Decreased, Parasympathetic=Increased
Sweat Glands: Sympathetic=Increased, Parasympathetic=Neutral
Arrector Pili Muscles: Sympathetic=Contracted, Parasympathetic=Neutral
Eye: Sympathetic=Dilate, Parasympathetic=Constrict

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Description

Test your knowledge on the 12 pairs of cranial nerves, their functions, and mnemonic devices. This quiz covers the anatomy and roles of each nerve, helping you understand their significance in sensory and motor functions. Perfect for students of anatomy or biology.