Cranial Nerves Examination
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Questions and Answers

What was the procedure that the 38-year-old man underwent before developing progressive ipsilateral facial weakness?

  • Right inferior dental nerve block (correct)
  • Right mental nerve block
  • Inferior alveolar nerve block
  • Right buccal nerve block

    • What was the symptom noted in the 38-year-old man over 6 hours after the procedure?

  • Progressive contralateral facial numbness
  • Progressive contralateral facial weakness
  • Progressive ipsilateral facial weakness (correct)
  • Progressive ipsilateral facial numbness

    • What is the term for a condition where a single cranial nerve is affected?

  • Single CN involvement (correct)
  • CNS lesion
  • Supranuclear lesion
  • Peripheral lesion

    • What is the term for a condition where the lesion is above the nucleus of the cranial nerve?

    <p>Supranuclear lesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the author's affiliation in the department of Paediatric Neurology?

    <p>Evelina Children’s Hospital</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the title of the journal where the article 'Nerve palsy following intra-oral surgery performed with local anaesthesia' was published?

    <p>R Coll Surg Edinb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve is responsible for controlling eyelid elevation by innervating the levator palpebrae superioris muscle?

    <p>CN III</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of damage to the inferior alveolar nerve?

    <p>Numbness in the mandibular division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve is responsible for controlling pupillary constriction?

    <p>CN III</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a single palsy of CN III, IV, or VI?

    <p>Double vision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve is responsible for the corneal reflex?

    <p>CN V</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the syndrome that occurs when the auriculotemporal branch of CN V is damaged near the parotid gland?

    <p>Frey's syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following cranial nerves is responsible for transmitting visual information from the eye to the brain?

    <p>CN II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of unilateral anosmia?

    <p>Frontal lobe lesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a part of the sequence of the CN examination?

    <p>Examination of the abdomen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the loss of smell due to a functional problem, rather than a physical defect or damage?

    <p>Functional anosmia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve is responsible for controlling the extrinsic eye muscles?

    <p>CN III</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the abnormal swelling of the optic disc, which can be a sign of increased intracranial pressure?

    <p>Papilloedema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of unilateral weakness in the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles?

    <p>Jugular foramen lesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following syndromes is characterized by ptosis, anhidrosis, meiosis, and enophthalmos?

    <p>Horner syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common muscular dystrophy of adult life?

    <p>Myotonic dystrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve is responsible for controlling the trapezius muscle?

    <p>CN XI - Accessory nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a condition characterized by acquired weakness due to AChR antibodies?

    <p>Myasthenia gravis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of bilateral weakness in the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles?

    <p>Myopathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the lingual nerve in relation to the tongue?

    <p>Sensory function of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve is responsible for the motor function of the stylopharyngeus muscle?

    <p>CN IX - glossopharyngeal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Rinne's test?

    <p>To test for conductive hearing loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common cause of lingual nerve injuries?

    <p>Third molar surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve is responsible for the autonomic function of the salivary glands?

    <p>CN IX - glossopharyngeal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a tongue with a unilateral LMN lesion?

    <p>Wasting with fasciculations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the order of the cranial nerve examination?

    <p>Smell, eyes, face, hearing and balance, mouth, neck and shoulders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cranial nerve responsible for transmitting visual information from the eye to the brain?

    <p>CN II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of bilateral anosmia?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likely cause of the progressive ipsilateral facial weakness in the 38-year-old man?

    <p>Damage to the facial nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a condition where a lesion is located above the nucleus of the cranial nerve?

    <p>Supranuclear lesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the abnormal swelling of the optic disc?

    <p>Papilloedema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the cranial nerve examination?

    <p>Principles of CN examination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cranial nerve responsible for controlling the extrinsic eye muscles?

    <p>CN III, CN IV, CN VI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the loss of smell due to a functional problem, rather than a physical defect or damage?

    <p>Functional anosmia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the cousin GC nerve palsy following intra-oral surgery?

    <p>It demonstrates the risk of cranial nerve damage during surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the 38-year-old man's symptoms in the context of cranial nerve pathology?

    <p>It highlights the importance of recognizing single CN involvement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the examination of cranial nerves?

    <p>To recognize single CN involvement and peripheral lesions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve is responsible for controlling four muscles of eye movement?

    <p>CN III</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a single palsy of CN III, IV, or VI?

    <p>Diplopia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is responsible for the sensory function of the face?

    <p>CN V</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of damage to the auriculotemporal branch of CN V near the parotid gland?

    <p>Frey's syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve is responsible for controlling the corneal reflex?

    <p>CN V</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of inferior alveolar nerve damage?

    <p>Anesthesia of the lower teeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of cases where third molar surgery related inferior alveolar nerve injury occurs permanently?

    <p>3.6%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the efferent nerve responsible for the motor function of the facial nerve?

    <p>CN VII Facial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of the 38-year-old man's progressive ipsilateral facial weakness?

    <p>Inferior alveolar nerve block</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the reflex that involves the contraction of the orbicularis oculi muscle to protect the eye?

    <p>Corneal reflex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of lesion that causes unilateral facial weakness?

    <p>Unilateral LMN</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sensation that the 38-year-old man experienced in addition to facial weakness?

    <p>Hyperacusis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve is responsible for controlling the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

    <p>CN XI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of bilateral weakness in the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles?

    <p>Myopathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a patient with Horner syndrome?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common muscular dystrophy of adult life?

    <p>Myotonic dystrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of unilateral weakness in the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles?

    <p>Jugular foramen lesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a condition characterized by acquired weakness due to AChR antibodies?

    <p>Myasthenia gravis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sequence of cranial nerve examination involving the face?

    <p>Smell, eyes, face, hearing and balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve is responsible for controlling four muscles of eye movement and pupillary constriction?

    <p>CN III</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cranial nerve responsible for controlling the pupillary reactions?

    <p>CN III</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the abnormal swelling of the optic disc?

    <p>Papilloedema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of damage to the inferior alveolar nerve?

    <p>Numbness in the lower teeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve is responsible for the corneal reflex?

    <p>CN V</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cranial nerve responsible for controlling the mouth, including the sensation of taste?

    <p>CN X, XII</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a single palsy of CN III, IV, or VI?

    <p>Double vision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cranial nerve responsible for controlling the neck and shoulders?

    <p>CN XI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve is responsible for controlling eyelid elevation?

    <p>CN III</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the loss of smell due to a functional problem, rather than a physical defect or damage?

    <p>Functional anosmia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of damage to the auriculotemporal branch of CN V near the parotid gland?

    <p>Frey's syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary distinction between supranuclear and peripheral lesions in cranial nerve pathology?

    <p>Location of the lesion relative to the nucleus of the cranial nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the cousin GC nerve palsy following intra-oral surgery in the context of cranial nerve examination?

    <p>It demonstrates the risk of nerve damage during intra-oral procedures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the cranial nerve examination?

    <p>To assess the function of individual cranial nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a cranial nerve palsy that suggests a peripheral lesion?

    <p>Single cranial nerve involvement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of recognizing common cranial nerve abnormalities in the context of cranial nerve examination?

    <p>It facilitates recognition of patterns of cranial nerve involvement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of the cranial nerve examination in the context of systemic diseases?

    <p>To identify the underlying systemic disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) in the pharynx?

    <p>Both sensory and motor functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)?

    <p>Motor function in the tongue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Rinne's test in auditory examination?

    <p>To distinguish between conductive and sensorineural hearing loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common cause of lingual nerve injuries?

    <p>Third molar surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the vagus nerve (CN X) in the larynx?

    <p>Both motor and autonomic functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a tongue with a unilateral LMN lesion?

    <p>Wasting and fasciculations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likely cause of unilateral weakness in the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles?

    <p>Jugular foramen lesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic syndrome associated with ptosis, anhidrosis, meiosis, and enophthalmos?

    <p>Horner syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common muscular dystrophy of adult life?

    <p>Myotonic dystrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a condition characterized by acquired weakness due to AChR antibodies?

    <p>Myasthenia gravis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of bilateral weakness in the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles?

    <p>Myopathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve is responsible for controlling the trapezius muscle?

    <p>CN XI - Accessory nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

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