90 Questions
What was the procedure that the 38-year-old man underwent before developing progressive ipsilateral facial weakness?
Right inferior dental nerve block
What was the symptom noted in the 38-year-old man over 6 hours after the procedure?
Progressive ipsilateral facial weakness
What is the term for a condition where a single cranial nerve is affected?
Single CN involvement
What is the term for a condition where the lesion is above the nucleus of the cranial nerve?
Supranuclear lesion
What is the author's affiliation in the department of Paediatric Neurology?
Evelina Children’s Hospital
What is the title of the journal where the article 'Nerve palsy following intra-oral surgery performed with local anaesthesia' was published?
R Coll Surg Edinb
Which cranial nerve is responsible for controlling eyelid elevation by innervating the levator palpebrae superioris muscle?
CN III
What is the result of damage to the inferior alveolar nerve?
Numbness in the mandibular division
Which cranial nerve is responsible for controlling pupillary constriction?
CN III
What is the result of a single palsy of CN III, IV, or VI?
Double vision
Which cranial nerve is responsible for the corneal reflex?
CN V
What is the name of the syndrome that occurs when the auriculotemporal branch of CN V is damaged near the parotid gland?
Frey's syndrome
Which of the following cranial nerves is responsible for transmitting visual information from the eye to the brain?
CN II
What is the most common cause of unilateral anosmia?
Frontal lobe lesion
Which of the following is NOT a part of the sequence of the CN examination?
Examination of the abdomen
What is the term for the loss of smell due to a functional problem, rather than a physical defect or damage?
Functional anosmia
Which cranial nerve is responsible for controlling the extrinsic eye muscles?
CN III
What is the term for the abnormal swelling of the optic disc, which can be a sign of increased intracranial pressure?
Papilloedema
What is the primary cause of unilateral weakness in the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles?
Jugular foramen lesion
Which of the following syndromes is characterized by ptosis, anhidrosis, meiosis, and enophthalmos?
Horner syndrome
What is the most common muscular dystrophy of adult life?
Myotonic dystrophy
Which cranial nerve is responsible for controlling the trapezius muscle?
CN XI - Accessory nerve
What is the term for a condition characterized by acquired weakness due to AChR antibodies?
Myasthenia gravis
What is the primary cause of bilateral weakness in the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles?
Myopathy
What is the primary function of the lingual nerve in relation to the tongue?
Sensory function of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue
Which cranial nerve is responsible for the motor function of the stylopharyngeus muscle?
CN IX - glossopharyngeal nerve
What is the purpose of the Rinne's test?
To test for conductive hearing loss
What is the common cause of lingual nerve injuries?
Third molar surgery
Which cranial nerve is responsible for the autonomic function of the salivary glands?
CN IX - glossopharyngeal nerve
What is the characteristic of a tongue with a unilateral LMN lesion?
Wasting with fasciculations
What is the order of the cranial nerve examination?
Smell, eyes, face, hearing and balance, mouth, neck and shoulders
What is the cranial nerve responsible for transmitting visual information from the eye to the brain?
CN II
What is the result of bilateral anosmia?
All of the above
What is the likely cause of the progressive ipsilateral facial weakness in the 38-year-old man?
Damage to the facial nerve
What is the term for a condition where a lesion is located above the nucleus of the cranial nerve?
Supranuclear lesion
What is the term for the abnormal swelling of the optic disc?
Papilloedema
What is the primary focus of the cranial nerve examination?
Principles of CN examination
What is the cranial nerve responsible for controlling the extrinsic eye muscles?
CN III, CN IV, CN VI
What is the term for the loss of smell due to a functional problem, rather than a physical defect or damage?
Functional anosmia
What is the significance of the cousin GC nerve palsy following intra-oral surgery?
It demonstrates the risk of cranial nerve damage during surgery
What is the significance of the 38-year-old man's symptoms in the context of cranial nerve pathology?
It highlights the importance of recognizing single CN involvement
What is the primary purpose of the examination of cranial nerves?
To recognize single CN involvement and peripheral lesions
Which cranial nerve is responsible for controlling four muscles of eye movement?
CN III
What is the result of a single palsy of CN III, IV, or VI?
Diplopia
Which nerve is responsible for the sensory function of the face?
CN V
What is the result of damage to the auriculotemporal branch of CN V near the parotid gland?
Frey's syndrome
Which cranial nerve is responsible for controlling the corneal reflex?
CN V
What is the result of inferior alveolar nerve damage?
Anesthesia of the lower teeth
What is the percentage of cases where third molar surgery related inferior alveolar nerve injury occurs permanently?
3.6%
What is the efferent nerve responsible for the motor function of the facial nerve?
CN VII Facial
What is the cause of the 38-year-old man's progressive ipsilateral facial weakness?
Inferior alveolar nerve block
What is the term for the reflex that involves the contraction of the orbicularis oculi muscle to protect the eye?
Corneal reflex
What is the type of lesion that causes unilateral facial weakness?
Unilateral LMN
What is the sensation that the 38-year-old man experienced in addition to facial weakness?
Hyperacusis
Which cranial nerve is responsible for controlling the sternocleidomastoid muscle?
CN XI
What is the primary cause of bilateral weakness in the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles?
Myopathy
What is the characteristic of a patient with Horner syndrome?
All of the above
What is the most common muscular dystrophy of adult life?
Myotonic dystrophy
What is the primary cause of unilateral weakness in the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles?
Jugular foramen lesion
What is the term for a condition characterized by acquired weakness due to AChR antibodies?
Myasthenia gravis
What is the sequence of cranial nerve examination involving the face?
Smell, eyes, face, hearing and balance
Which cranial nerve is responsible for controlling four muscles of eye movement and pupillary constriction?
CN III
What is the cranial nerve responsible for controlling the pupillary reactions?
CN III
What is the term for the abnormal swelling of the optic disc?
Papilloedema
What is the result of damage to the inferior alveolar nerve?
Numbness in the lower teeth
Which cranial nerve is responsible for the corneal reflex?
CN V
What is the cranial nerve responsible for controlling the mouth, including the sensation of taste?
CN X, XII
What is the result of a single palsy of CN III, IV, or VI?
Double vision
What is the cranial nerve responsible for controlling the neck and shoulders?
CN XI
Which cranial nerve is responsible for controlling eyelid elevation?
CN III
What is the term for the loss of smell due to a functional problem, rather than a physical defect or damage?
Functional anosmia
What is the result of damage to the auriculotemporal branch of CN V near the parotid gland?
Frey's syndrome
What is the primary distinction between supranuclear and peripheral lesions in cranial nerve pathology?
Location of the lesion relative to the nucleus of the cranial nerve
What is the significance of the cousin GC nerve palsy following intra-oral surgery in the context of cranial nerve examination?
It demonstrates the risk of nerve damage during intra-oral procedures
What is the primary focus of the cranial nerve examination?
To assess the function of individual cranial nerves
What is the characteristic of a cranial nerve palsy that suggests a peripheral lesion?
Single cranial nerve involvement
What is the significance of recognizing common cranial nerve abnormalities in the context of cranial nerve examination?
It facilitates recognition of patterns of cranial nerve involvement
What is the primary objective of the cranial nerve examination in the context of systemic diseases?
To identify the underlying systemic disease
What is the function of the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) in the pharynx?
Both sensory and motor functions
What is the primary function of the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)?
Motor function in the tongue
What is the purpose of the Rinne's test in auditory examination?
To distinguish between conductive and sensorineural hearing loss
What is the common cause of lingual nerve injuries?
Third molar surgery
What is the function of the vagus nerve (CN X) in the larynx?
Both motor and autonomic functions
What is the characteristic of a tongue with a unilateral LMN lesion?
Wasting and fasciculations
What is the likely cause of unilateral weakness in the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles?
Jugular foramen lesion
What is the characteristic syndrome associated with ptosis, anhidrosis, meiosis, and enophthalmos?
Horner syndrome
What is the most common muscular dystrophy of adult life?
Myotonic dystrophy
What is the term for a condition characterized by acquired weakness due to AChR antibodies?
Myasthenia gravis
What is the primary cause of bilateral weakness in the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles?
Myopathy
Which cranial nerve is responsible for controlling the trapezius muscle?
CN XI - Accessory nerve
This quiz is based on a lecture on examination of cranial nerves, given by Dr. Heinz Jungbluth, covering a case report of a 38-year-old man's right inferior dental nerve block. It's suitable for 2nd-year BDS students.
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