Cranial Nerves Examination
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Questions and Answers

What was the procedure that the 38-year-old man underwent before developing progressive ipsilateral facial weakness?

  • Right inferior dental nerve block (correct)
  • Right mental nerve block
  • Inferior alveolar nerve block
  • Right buccal nerve block

What was the symptom noted in the 38-year-old man over 6 hours after the procedure?

  • Progressive contralateral facial numbness
  • Progressive contralateral facial weakness
  • Progressive ipsilateral facial weakness (correct)
  • Progressive ipsilateral facial numbness

What is the term for a condition where a single cranial nerve is affected?

  • Single CN involvement (correct)
  • CNS lesion
  • Supranuclear lesion
  • Peripheral lesion

What is the term for a condition where the lesion is above the nucleus of the cranial nerve?

<p>Supranuclear lesion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the author's affiliation in the department of Paediatric Neurology?

<p>Evelina Children’s Hospital (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the title of the journal where the article 'Nerve palsy following intra-oral surgery performed with local anaesthesia' was published?

<p>R Coll Surg Edinb (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve is responsible for controlling eyelid elevation by innervating the levator palpebrae superioris muscle?

<p>CN III (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of damage to the inferior alveolar nerve?

<p>Numbness in the mandibular division (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve is responsible for controlling pupillary constriction?

<p>CN III (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of a single palsy of CN III, IV, or VI?

<p>Double vision (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve is responsible for the corneal reflex?

<p>CN V (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the syndrome that occurs when the auriculotemporal branch of CN V is damaged near the parotid gland?

<p>Frey's syndrome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cranial nerves is responsible for transmitting visual information from the eye to the brain?

<p>CN II (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of unilateral anosmia?

<p>Frontal lobe lesion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a part of the sequence of the CN examination?

<p>Examination of the abdomen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the loss of smell due to a functional problem, rather than a physical defect or damage?

<p>Functional anosmia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve is responsible for controlling the extrinsic eye muscles?

<p>CN III (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the abnormal swelling of the optic disc, which can be a sign of increased intracranial pressure?

<p>Papilloedema (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of unilateral weakness in the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles?

<p>Jugular foramen lesion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following syndromes is characterized by ptosis, anhidrosis, meiosis, and enophthalmos?

<p>Horner syndrome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common muscular dystrophy of adult life?

<p>Myotonic dystrophy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve is responsible for controlling the trapezius muscle?

<p>CN XI - Accessory nerve (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a condition characterized by acquired weakness due to AChR antibodies?

<p>Myasthenia gravis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of bilateral weakness in the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles?

<p>Myopathy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the lingual nerve in relation to the tongue?

<p>Sensory function of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve is responsible for the motor function of the stylopharyngeus muscle?

<p>CN IX - glossopharyngeal nerve (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Rinne's test?

<p>To test for conductive hearing loss (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common cause of lingual nerve injuries?

<p>Third molar surgery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve is responsible for the autonomic function of the salivary glands?

<p>CN IX - glossopharyngeal nerve (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of a tongue with a unilateral LMN lesion?

<p>Wasting with fasciculations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the order of the cranial nerve examination?

<p>Smell, eyes, face, hearing and balance, mouth, neck and shoulders (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cranial nerve responsible for transmitting visual information from the eye to the brain?

<p>CN II (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of bilateral anosmia?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely cause of the progressive ipsilateral facial weakness in the 38-year-old man?

<p>Damage to the facial nerve (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a condition where a lesion is located above the nucleus of the cranial nerve?

<p>Supranuclear lesion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the abnormal swelling of the optic disc?

<p>Papilloedema (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the cranial nerve examination?

<p>Principles of CN examination (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cranial nerve responsible for controlling the extrinsic eye muscles?

<p>CN III, CN IV, CN VI (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the loss of smell due to a functional problem, rather than a physical defect or damage?

<p>Functional anosmia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the cousin GC nerve palsy following intra-oral surgery?

<p>It demonstrates the risk of cranial nerve damage during surgery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the 38-year-old man's symptoms in the context of cranial nerve pathology?

<p>It highlights the importance of recognizing single CN involvement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the examination of cranial nerves?

<p>To recognize single CN involvement and peripheral lesions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve is responsible for controlling four muscles of eye movement?

<p>CN III (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of a single palsy of CN III, IV, or VI?

<p>Diplopia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is responsible for the sensory function of the face?

<p>CN V (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of damage to the auriculotemporal branch of CN V near the parotid gland?

<p>Frey's syndrome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve is responsible for controlling the corneal reflex?

<p>CN V (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of inferior alveolar nerve damage?

<p>Anesthesia of the lower teeth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of cases where third molar surgery related inferior alveolar nerve injury occurs permanently?

<p>3.6% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the efferent nerve responsible for the motor function of the facial nerve?

<p>CN VII Facial (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of the 38-year-old man's progressive ipsilateral facial weakness?

<p>Inferior alveolar nerve block (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the reflex that involves the contraction of the orbicularis oculi muscle to protect the eye?

<p>Corneal reflex (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of lesion that causes unilateral facial weakness?

<p>Unilateral LMN (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the sensation that the 38-year-old man experienced in addition to facial weakness?

<p>Hyperacusis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve is responsible for controlling the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

<p>CN XI (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of bilateral weakness in the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles?

<p>Myopathy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of a patient with Horner syndrome?

<p>All of the above (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common muscular dystrophy of adult life?

<p>Myotonic dystrophy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of unilateral weakness in the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles?

<p>Jugular foramen lesion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a condition characterized by acquired weakness due to AChR antibodies?

<p>Myasthenia gravis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the sequence of cranial nerve examination involving the face?

<p>Smell, eyes, face, hearing and balance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve is responsible for controlling four muscles of eye movement and pupillary constriction?

<p>CN III (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cranial nerve responsible for controlling the pupillary reactions?

<p>CN III (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the abnormal swelling of the optic disc?

<p>Papilloedema (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of damage to the inferior alveolar nerve?

<p>Numbness in the lower teeth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve is responsible for the corneal reflex?

<p>CN V (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cranial nerve responsible for controlling the mouth, including the sensation of taste?

<p>CN X, XII (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of a single palsy of CN III, IV, or VI?

<p>Double vision (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cranial nerve responsible for controlling the neck and shoulders?

<p>CN XI (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve is responsible for controlling eyelid elevation?

<p>CN III (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the loss of smell due to a functional problem, rather than a physical defect or damage?

<p>Functional anosmia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of damage to the auriculotemporal branch of CN V near the parotid gland?

<p>Frey's syndrome (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary distinction between supranuclear and peripheral lesions in cranial nerve pathology?

<p>Location of the lesion relative to the nucleus of the cranial nerve (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the cousin GC nerve palsy following intra-oral surgery in the context of cranial nerve examination?

<p>It demonstrates the risk of nerve damage during intra-oral procedures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the cranial nerve examination?

<p>To assess the function of individual cranial nerves (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of a cranial nerve palsy that suggests a peripheral lesion?

<p>Single cranial nerve involvement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of recognizing common cranial nerve abnormalities in the context of cranial nerve examination?

<p>It facilitates recognition of patterns of cranial nerve involvement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of the cranial nerve examination in the context of systemic diseases?

<p>To identify the underlying systemic disease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) in the pharynx?

<p>Both sensory and motor functions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)?

<p>Motor function in the tongue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Rinne's test in auditory examination?

<p>To distinguish between conductive and sensorineural hearing loss (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common cause of lingual nerve injuries?

<p>Third molar surgery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the vagus nerve (CN X) in the larynx?

<p>Both motor and autonomic functions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of a tongue with a unilateral LMN lesion?

<p>Wasting and fasciculations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely cause of unilateral weakness in the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles?

<p>Jugular foramen lesion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic syndrome associated with ptosis, anhidrosis, meiosis, and enophthalmos?

<p>Horner syndrome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common muscular dystrophy of adult life?

<p>Myotonic dystrophy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a condition characterized by acquired weakness due to AChR antibodies?

<p>Myasthenia gravis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of bilateral weakness in the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles?

<p>Myopathy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve is responsible for controlling the trapezius muscle?

<p>CN XI - Accessory nerve (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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