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Questions and Answers
What is the common treatment for acute paralytic strabismus due to unilateral sixth nerve palsy?
What is the common treatment for acute paralytic strabismus due to unilateral sixth nerve palsy?
- Eye muscle surgery
- Prescribing glasses
- Botulinum neurotoxin (correct)
- Ordering an MRI or CT scan
What is the first step in managing strabismic symptoms?
What is the first step in managing strabismic symptoms?
- Prescribing glasses (correct)
- Ordering an angiography
- Eye muscle surgery
- Occlusion
What is the preferred type of prism for long-term treatment of diplopia?
What is the preferred type of prism for long-term treatment of diplopia?
- Ground-in Prism (correct)
- Botulinum neurotoxin
- Monocular occlusion
- Fresnel press-on prisms
What is a common short-term treatment for diplopia?
What is a common short-term treatment for diplopia?
What may be necessary after eye muscle surgery for long-term treatment of strabismus?
What may be necessary after eye muscle surgery for long-term treatment of strabismus?
What is a potential risk following strabismus surgery?
What is a potential risk following strabismus surgery?
What is the typical dosage range for Botulinum neurotoxin into a muscle?
What is the typical dosage range for Botulinum neurotoxin into a muscle?
What is the purpose of monocular occlusion as a short-term treatment for diplopia?
What is the purpose of monocular occlusion as a short-term treatment for diplopia?
Which cranial nerve innervates the superior rectus, medial rectus, inferior rectus, and inferior oblique muscles?
Which cranial nerve innervates the superior rectus, medial rectus, inferior rectus, and inferior oblique muscles?
What is the most common cause of cranial nerve 3 palsy in adults?
What is the most common cause of cranial nerve 3 palsy in adults?
Which type of strabismus is associated with abnormal visual development?
Which type of strabismus is associated with abnormal visual development?
What are the symptoms of cranial nerve paralysis?
What are the symptoms of cranial nerve paralysis?
Which cranial nerve is responsible for eye movement and pupil constriction?
Which cranial nerve is responsible for eye movement and pupil constriction?
What type of strabismus may be associated with head tilt?
What type of strabismus may be associated with head tilt?
Which condition can cause raised intracranial pressure leading to cranial nerve 3 palsy?
Which condition can cause raised intracranial pressure leading to cranial nerve 3 palsy?
What type of tumors or malformations can cause cranial nerve 3 palsy?
What type of tumors or malformations can cause cranial nerve 3 palsy?
Which cranial nerve palsy can result in ipsilateral pre-ganglionic Horner’s syndrome and contralateral superior oblique palsy?
Which cranial nerve palsy can result in ipsilateral pre-ganglionic Horner’s syndrome and contralateral superior oblique palsy?
What is the common cause of cranial nerve 6 palsy?
What is the common cause of cranial nerve 6 palsy?
Which muscle palsies affect the superior rectus and inferior oblique of the same eye?
Which muscle palsies affect the superior rectus and inferior oblique of the same eye?
What is the purpose of the forced duction test?
What is the purpose of the forced duction test?
Which type of neurogenic palsies cause gaze palsies and tonic gaze deviation?
Which type of neurogenic palsies cause gaze palsies and tonic gaze deviation?
What does double depressor palsy affect?
What does double depressor palsy affect?
What is the management for infranuclear neurogenic palsies affecting CN III, IV, and VI?
What is the management for infranuclear neurogenic palsies affecting CN III, IV, and VI?
What is the main cause of multiple cranial nerve palsies?
What is the main cause of multiple cranial nerve palsies?
Which test is used to diagnose mechanical restrictions or paretic muscles in eye movement?
Which test is used to diagnose mechanical restrictions or paretic muscles in eye movement?
What is the differential diagnosis for muscle palsies like Duane’s retraction syndrome?
What is the differential diagnosis for muscle palsies like Duane’s retraction syndrome?
Which cranial nerve palsy affects the lateral rectus?
Which cranial nerve palsy affects the lateral rectus?
What is the presentation of cranial nerve 6 palsy?
What is the presentation of cranial nerve 6 palsy?
Study Notes
Cranial Nerve Palsies in Children and Young Adults
- Cranial nerve 3, 4, and 6 palsy tests include cover tests, pupil testing, and Hess-Lancaster test.
- Cranial nerve 4 palsy affects the superior oblique and can be caused by congenital abnormal development or head trauma.
- Cranial nerve 4 palsy can result in ipsilateral pre-ganglionic Horner’s syndrome and contralateral superior oblique palsy.
- Cranial nerve 6 palsy affects the lateral rectus and can be caused by trauma, aneurysm, or inflammatory meningitis.
- Cranial nerve 6 palsy presentation includes lateral diplopia and convergent strabismus, with lateral rectus being more susceptible to ischemia.
- Multiple cranial nerve palsies can affect CN 3, 4, 5, 6, or Horner’s syndrome, with neoplasms and inflammation being common causes.
- Other forms of paralysis include muscle palsies like Duane’s retraction syndrome, and differential diagnosis includes myasthenia gravis and thyroid eye disease.
- Double elevator palsy affects the superior rectus and inferior oblique of the same eye, resulting in no elevation in abduction or adduction.
- Forced duction test is used to diagnose mechanical restrictions or paretic muscles in eye movement.
- Double depressor palsy affects the inferior rectus and superior oblique of the same eye, leading to no depression in abduction or adduction, with head tilting down as a compensation.
- Neurogenic palsies are categorized into supranuclear, internuclear, and infranuclear, with supranuclear lesions causing gaze palsies and tonic gaze deviation.
- Infranuclear neurogenic palsies affect CN III, IV, and VI, and the management includes detailed case history and appropriate medical history.
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Description
Test your knowledge of cranial nerve palsies in children and young adults with this quiz. Explore topics such as cranial nerve 3, 4, and 6 palsy tests, presentations, causes, and differential diagnoses. Dive into the details of muscle palsies, forced duction tests, and the categorization of neurogenic palsies.
