Podcast
Questions and Answers
What should be avoided when testing the sense of smell for cranial nerve I?
What should be avoided when testing the sense of smell for cranial nerve I?
- Familiar nonirritating odors like cloves, coffee, soap, or vanilla
- Noxious odors like ammonia that might stimulate CN V (correct)
- Substances that have a very strong and pleasant odor
- Testing the sense of smell in a quiet environment
How is the sense of smell tested for cranial nerve I?
How is the sense of smell tested for cranial nerve I?
- By asking the patient to keep both eyes open while identifying familiar odors
- By occluding one nostril and testing smell in the other with familiar nonirritating odors (correct)
- By presenting the patient with irritating odors
- By testing the patient's sense of smell in a noisy environment
What is anisocoria?
What is anisocoria?
- A visual field defect
- A difference of >0.4 mm in the diameter of one pupil compared to the other (correct)
- An abnormality in peripheral vision
- A complaint of partial loss of vision
Why should visual fields be tested by confrontation for cranial nerve II?
Why should visual fields be tested by confrontation for cranial nerve II?
What should be inspected with an ophthalmoscope to test cranial nerve II?
What should be inspected with an ophthalmoscope to test cranial nerve II?
What is missed when testing only one eye for visual fields for cranial nerve II?
What is missed when testing only one eye for visual fields for cranial nerve II?
Which of the following does the near response test assess?
Which of the following does the near response test assess?
What may be indicated by a large pupil reacting poorly to light and worsening anisocoria in light?
What may be indicated by a large pupil reacting poorly to light and worsening anisocoria in light?
In which condition may both pupils react to light and anisocoria worsen in darkness?
In which condition may both pupils react to light and anisocoria worsen in darkness?
What is indicated by prechiasmal defects seen in glaucoma, retinal emboli, and optic neuritis?
What is indicated by prechiasmal defects seen in glaucoma, retinal emboli, and optic neuritis?
What is an indication of postchiasmal lesions in the occipital or parietal lobe?
What is an indication of postchiasmal lesions in the occipital or parietal lobe?
What may be suggested by a large pupil with abnormal pupillary constriction and the presence of ptosis and ophthalmoplegia?
What may be suggested by a large pupil with abnormal pupillary constriction and the presence of ptosis and ophthalmoplegia?
What are the common causes of loss of smell as mentioned in the text?
What are the common causes of loss of smell as mentioned in the text?
What does the examination of the optic fundi using an ophthalmoscope specifically look for?
What does the examination of the optic fundi using an ophthalmoscope specifically look for?
What are the associated findings of stroke in relation to visual acuity?
What are the associated findings of stroke in relation to visual acuity?
What should be inspected carefully when examining each optic disc with an ophthalmoscope?
What should be inspected carefully when examining each optic disc with an ophthalmoscope?
What involuntary jerking movement of the eyes should the examiner identify, noting the direction of gaze, the plane of the movement, and the direction of the quick and slow components?
What involuntary jerking movement of the eyes should the examiner identify, noting the direction of gaze, the plane of the movement, and the direction of the quick and slow components?
What should be identified if diplopia is determined to be monocular or binocular by asking the patient to cover one eye, then the other?
What should be identified if diplopia is determined to be monocular or binocular by asking the patient to cover one eye, then the other?
In testing extraocular movements, what causes diplopia and loss of conjugate movements in any of the six directions?
In testing extraocular movements, what causes diplopia and loss of conjugate movements in any of the six directions?
When asking the patient to firmly clench the teeth, which cranial nerve and motor function is being assessed?
When asking the patient to firmly clench the teeth, which cranial nerve and motor function is being assessed?
What normal variant is observed in approximately one third of patients when examining for ptosis?
What normal variant is observed in approximately one third of patients when examining for ptosis?
During examination, what should be observed to determine if ptosis is present?
During examination, what should be observed to determine if ptosis is present?
What is the most likely cause of monocular diplopia?
What is the most likely cause of monocular diplopia?
What is a common cause of ptosis?
What is a common cause of ptosis?
Which condition is associated with binocular diplopia?
Which condition is associated with binocular diplopia?
What might be indicated by difficulty clenching the jaw or moving it to the opposite side?
What might be indicated by difficulty clenching the jaw or moving it to the opposite side?
In brainstem lesions, what type of sensory loss is observed?
In brainstem lesions, what type of sensory loss is observed?
What motor function is being assessed when the patient is asked to firmly clench their teeth?
What motor function is being assessed when the patient is asked to firmly clench their teeth?
What might be indicated by a large pupil reacting poorly to light and worsening anisocoria in light?
What might be indicated by a large pupil reacting poorly to light and worsening anisocoria in light?
What is the likely cause of bilateral hemispheric disease?
What is the likely cause of bilateral hemispheric disease?
In which condition is nystagmus commonly observed?
In which condition is nystagmus commonly observed?
What might be indicated by a large pupil with abnormal pupillary constriction and the presence of ptosis and ophthalmoplegia?
What might be indicated by a large pupil with abnormal pupillary constriction and the presence of ptosis and ophthalmoplegia?
