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Questions and Answers
Which cranial bone forms the orbit?
Which cranial bone forms the orbit?
What is the main function of the facial muscles?
What is the main function of the facial muscles?
What is the roof of the oral cavity comprised of?
What is the roof of the oral cavity comprised of?
Which group of neck muscles is responsible for movement of the head?
Which group of neck muscles is responsible for movement of the head?
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How many muscles of facial expression are there?
How many muscles of facial expression are there?
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There are 7 cranial bones that form the cranium.
There are 7 cranial bones that form the cranium.
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The facial nerve (CN VII) is responsible for controlling facial expressions.
The facial nerve (CN VII) is responsible for controlling facial expressions.
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The zygomaticus major muscle is responsible for frowning.
The zygomaticus major muscle is responsible for frowning.
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The hard palate forms the floor of the oral cavity.
The hard palate forms the floor of the oral cavity.
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The buccinator muscle is responsible for mastication.
The buccinator muscle is responsible for mastication.
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The digastric muscle is an infrahyoid muscle.
The digastric muscle is an infrahyoid muscle.
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The scalene muscles are responsible for respiration.
The scalene muscles are responsible for respiration.
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The suboccipital muscles are responsible for flexion of the head.
The suboccipital muscles are responsible for flexion of the head.
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There are 20 muscles of facial expression.
There are 20 muscles of facial expression.
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The thyroid gland is located in the oral cavity.
The thyroid gland is located in the oral cavity.
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Study Notes
Cranial Bones
- 8 bones that form the cranium:
- Frontal bone
- Parietal bone (2)
- Occipital bone
- Temporal bone (2)
- Sphenoid bone
- Ethmoid bone
- Functions:
- Protect the brain
- Form the orbit (eye socket)
- Contain the nasal and oral cavities
- Attach muscles of facial expression and mastication
Facial Muscles
- 31 muscles of facial expression:
- Involved in emotional expressions, eating, and speaking
- Innervated by the facial nerve (CN VII)
- Major facial muscles:
- Zygomaticus major (smiling)
- Orbicularis oculi (eye movement)
- Buccinator ( compressor of cheeks)
- Mentalis (chin movement)
Oral Cavity
- Boundaries:
- Roof: hard palate and soft palate
- Floor: mylohyoid muscle and hyoglossus muscle
- Walls: buccinator muscle and maxilla
- Anterior: lips
- Functions:
- Food intake and processing
- Speech articulation
- Saliva production and secretion
Neck Muscles
- 3 main groups of neck muscles:
- Anterior neck muscles:
- Sternocleidomastoid muscle
- Scalene muscles
- Lateral neck muscles:
- Sternohyoid muscle
- Omohyoid muscle
- Posterior neck muscles:
- Splenius capitis muscle
- Suboccipital triangle muscles
- Anterior neck muscles:
- Functions:
- Movement of the head and neck
- Support of the head and neck
- Respiration and speech
Cranial Bones
- 8 bones form the cranium: frontal bone, 2 parietal bones, occipital bone, 2 temporal bones, sphenoid bone, and ethmoid bone
- Functions: protect the brain, form the orbit (eye socket), contain the nasal and oral cavities, and attach muscles of facial expression and mastication
Facial Muscles
- 31 muscles of facial expression involved in emotional expressions, eating, and speaking
- Innervated by the facial nerve (CN VII)
- Major facial muscles:
- Zygomaticus major (smiling)
- Orbicularis oculi (eye movement)
- Buccinator (compressor of cheeks)
- Mentalis (chin movement)
Oral Cavity
- Boundaries:
- Roof: hard palate and soft palate
- Floor: mylohyoid muscle and hyoglossus muscle
- Walls: buccinator muscle and maxilla
- Anterior: lips
- Functions:
- Food intake and processing
- Speech articulation
- Saliva production and secretion
Neck Muscles
- 3 main groups of neck muscles:
- Anterior neck muscles:
- Sternocleidomastoid muscle
- Scalene muscles
- Lateral neck muscles:
- Sternohyoid muscle
- Omohyoid muscle
- Posterior neck muscles:
- Splenius capitis muscle
- Suboccipital triangle muscles
- Anterior neck muscles:
- Functions:
- Movement of the head and neck
- Support of the head and neck
- Respiration and speech
Cranial Bones
- 8 bones form the cranium (skull)
- Bones include: frontal, 2 parietal, occipital, 2 temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid
- Functions:
- Protect the brain
- Form the orbits (eye sockets)
- Contain the nasal and oral cavities
- Attach muscles for facial expressions and mastication
Facial Muscles
- 23 muscles of facial expression
- Innervated by the facial nerve (CN VII)
- Originate from the skull and insert into the skin
- Responsible for:
- Facial expressions (e.g., smiling, frowning)
- Eye movement (e.g., blinking, winking)
- Mouth movements (e.g., eating, speaking)
- Major facial muscles:
- Zygomaticus major (smiling)
- Orbicularis oculi (eye movements)
- Buccinator (blowing, sucking)
- Mentalis (chin movements)
Oral Cavity
- Boundaries:
- Roof: hard palate and soft palate
- Floor: mylohyoid muscle and hyoglossus muscle
- Walls: buccinator muscle and mandible
- Anterior: lips
- Contents:
- Tongue
- Teeth
- Salivary glands (parotid, submandibular, sublingual)
- Oral mucosa (lining of the oral cavity)
Neck Muscles
- Anterior neck muscles:
- Suprahyoid muscles:
- Digastric muscle (elevation of hyoid bone and larynx)
- Stylohyoid muscle (elevation of hyoid bone and larynx)
- Mylohyoid muscle (elevation of hyoid bone and larynx)
- Infrahyoid muscles:
- Omohyoid muscle (depression of hyoid bone and larynx)
- Sternothyreoideus muscle (depression of larynx)
- Thyrohyoid muscle (depression of larynx)
- Lateral neck muscles:
- Scalene muscles (respiration)
- Levator scapulae muscle (elevation of scapula)
- Posterior neck muscles:
- Suboccipital muscles (extension and rotation of head)
- Splenius capitis muscle (extension and rotation of head)
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Description
Learn about the 8 bones that form the cranium, their functions, and the 31 facial muscles involved in emotional expressions, eating, and speaking.
