CPU Architecture Overview

The CPU's primary function is to fetch, decode, and execute instructions.

The Von Neumann architecture is significant because it allows both instruction data and program data to be stored in the same memory, enabling efficient data processing.

Special-purpose registers help the CPU fetch instructions from specific memory locations by holding data related to the instruction being processed.

<p>Embedded systems are specialized computer systems designed for a dedicated function within a larger system, optimizing for size and cost.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The characteristics of a CPU, such as clock speed, core count, and cache size, directly impact its processing speed and overall performance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Defensive designs improve program reliability and security by anticipating user errors and potential threats.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Validation checks are crucial because they ensure data integrity and prevent the entry of incorrect information into a system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A range check ensures that a value falls within a specified limit or sensible range, preventing erroneous data entry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Digital technology raises ethical concerns such as privacy violations, data security, and the digital divide among different socioeconomic groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Legislation establishes guidelines and regulations that ensure responsible use, protect intellectual property, and uphold user privacy in computer science.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hexadecimal provides a more compact representation of large binary numbers, making them easier for programmers to read and understand.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The most significant bit represents the largest value in the binary number, while the least significant bit represents the smallest value.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A character set is a defined list of characters that a computer recognizes, with each character assigned a unique binary number.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A pixel is the smallest addressable part of a digital image, representing one color at a time, and is essential for forming the visual content of images.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metadata refers to additional data stored with an image, including information about width, height, resolution, and color depth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Higher sample rates result in better approximation of the original analogue sound, leading to higher playback quality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Quantization involves rounding the measured amplitude values from sampling into a set number of discrete values for storage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Image resolution refers to the total number of pixels in an image which directly affects the clarity and detail of the visual representation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>RAM is volatile memory used for temporary data storage, while ROM is non-volatile and contains permanent instructions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Virtual memory is a memory management capability that allows a computer to use hard drive space to simulate additional RAM.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Secondary storage is needed to retain data even when the computer is powered off, as ROM and RAM cannot store data permanently.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A cache is a small-sized type of volatile memory that provides high-speed data access to the CPU by storing frequently accessed data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Data must be converted into binary format, using bits represented as 0 (off) and 1 (on), enabling the computer to process and store it effectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An overflow error occurs when the result of a binary addition exceeds the maximum value storable in the designated bit size.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Denary refers to the base-10 number system, which is the standard system for counting and representing numbers using digits 0-9.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To store 317 without overflow, you would need at least 10 bits, as 8 bits can only represent values up to 255.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A format check ensures that input values conform to a specific structure or pattern, such as the correct format for emails or postcodes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A length check is important to ensure that data entered into fields meets required length specifications, preventing blank entries or overly long data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A presence check is used to confirm that required data fields are not left blank and that acceptable values are present.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A check digit validates the integrity of data by using a specific algorithm to verify that the data entered matches the expected format.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A range check verifies that input values fall within a predefined acceptable range, ensuring they are neither too low nor too high.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A lookup table retrieves acceptable values to validate user input, ensuring that only predefined valid entries are accepted.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A spell check ensures that input words are correctly spelled according to a recognized dictionary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Testing is necessary to identify and correct logic errors within programs, ensuring they function as intended.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Validating user inputs is crucial to ensure data accuracy, security, and compliance with required formats.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Format checks improve user experience by providing immediate feedback on input errors, guiding users to enter valid data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fast data transfer due to fewer data collisions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows multiple connections between devices, so if one link fails, others can still maintain connectivity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows routers to forward packets efficiently between networks based on the recipient's address.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rules created to ensure that different computer systems can communicate effectively across networks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Layers divide the communication problem into subparts, allowing specialized protocols for each function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>If the central device fails, the entire network goes down.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protocols define the rules for communication between devices in a network.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It lists networks and the most efficient routes for data packets.</p> Signup and view all the answers