CPU Architecture Basics
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the Control Unit in a CPU?

  • Storing data temporarily
  • Retrieving and decoding instructions (correct)
  • Executing instructions out of order
  • Performing arithmetic and logical operations
  • Which stage of the instruction cycle involves executing the instruction using the ALU and registers?

  • Execute (correct)
  • Fetch
  • Decode
  • Store
  • What is the primary goal of pipelining in CPU architecture?

  • To improve performance by increasing throughput (correct)
  • To increase instruction set complexity
  • To reduce power consumption
  • To reduce cost
  • Which CPU architecture uses complex instructions that perform multiple operations?

    <p>CISC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of multithreading in CPU technology?

    <p>Improved performance through simultaneous thread execution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    CPU Architecture

    Components

    • Control Unit: retrieves and decodes instructions, generates control signals to execute instructions
    • Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): performs arithmetic and logical operations
    • Registers: small amount of on-chip memory that stores data temporarily

    Instruction Cycle

    1. Fetch: retrieve instruction from memory
    2. Decode: decode instruction into opcode and operands
    3. Execute: execute instruction using ALU and registers
    4. Store: store results in registers or memory

    CPU Execution

    • Pipelining: breaking down instruction cycle into stages to increase throughput
    • Superscalar Execution: executing multiple instructions simultaneously
    • Out-of-Order Execution: executing instructions out of original order to improve performance

    CPU Design Considerations

    • Performance: measured in clock speed (GHz), instructions per clock (IPC), and instructions per second (IPS)
    • Power Consumption: measured in watts (W), affects battery life and heat generation
    • Cost: affects manufacturing cost and affordability

    CPU Architectures

    • CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computing): uses complex instructions that perform multiple operations
    • RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computing): uses simple instructions that perform single operations
    • MISC (Minimal Instruction Set Computing): uses minimal instructions that perform basic operations

    CPU Technologies

    • Multithreading: executing multiple threads simultaneously to improve performance
    • Multiprocessing: using multiple CPUs to improve performance
    • Virtualization: running multiple virtual machines on a single CPU

    CPU Architecture

    Components

    • Control Unit retrieves and decodes instructions, generating control signals to execute them
    • Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) performs arithmetic and logical operations
    • Registers are a small amount of on-chip memory that stores data temporarily

    Instruction Cycle

    • The instruction cycle consists of four stages: fetch, decode, execute, and store
    • Fetch retrieves an instruction from memory
    • Decode decodes the instruction into opcode and operands
    • Execute executes the instruction using the ALU and registers
    • Store stores the results in registers or memory

    CPU Execution

    • Pipelining breaks down the instruction cycle into stages to increase throughput
    • Superscalar Execution executes multiple instructions simultaneously
    • Out-of-Order Execution executes instructions out of their original order to improve performance

    CPU Design Considerations

    • Performance is measured in clock speed (GHz), instructions per clock (IPC), and instructions per second (IPS)
    • Power consumption is measured in watts (W) and affects battery life and heat generation
    • Cost affects manufacturing cost and affordability

    CPU Architectures

    • CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computing) uses complex instructions that perform multiple operations
    • RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computing) uses simple instructions that perform single operations
    • MISC (Minimal Instruction Set Computing) uses minimal instructions that perform basic operations

    CPU Technologies

    • Multithreading executes multiple threads simultaneously to improve performance
    • Multiprocessing uses multiple CPUs to improve performance
    • Virtualization runs multiple virtual machines on a single CPU

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    Description

    Learn about the components of CPU architecture, including the control unit, arithmetic logic unit, and registers, as well as the instruction cycle process.

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