COVID-19 Risk Factors and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What did the speaker mention about the data on COVID-19?

  • It is constantly changing (correct)
  • It is not relevant to outpatient treatment
  • It is based on the European approach
  • It is only from the Omicron wave

    • According to the speaker, what varies widely around the world?

  • Post-COVID conditions
  • Advice for travelers
  • Clinical presentation of COVID-19
  • Outpatient treatment of COVID-19 (correct)

    • What did the speaker mention about the Acute Respiratory Clinic (ARC) at Emory TravelWell Center?

  • The first patient was a student with no past medical history
  • The first patient had recently returned from a holiday and had asthma (correct)
  • It was closed due to lack of patients
  • It was established in 2019

    • What disclaimer did the speaker provide about the guidance for outpatients with COVID-19?

    <p>It is still evolving and limited</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can one find the US approach to management of COVID-19 based on evidence-based guidelines?

    <p>IDSA/NIH website</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the speaker mention about post-COVID conditions?

    <p>They are a topic of discussion in the presentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reported mortality rate for children diagnosed with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS-C) after COVID-19 infection?

    <p>2%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT listed as a risk factor for severe disease after COVID-19 infection?

    <p>Athleticism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key focus of monoclonal therapy in the treatment of COVID-19?

    <p>Stopping virus replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which syndrome is characterized by severe hyperinflammatory symptoms 2-6 weeks after acute COVID-19 infection?

    <p>MIS-C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of ambulatory young adults (16-30 yrs old) experienced persistent symptoms at 6 months after mild COVID-19 infection?

    <p>52%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication has been associated with reducing the risk of severe illness (hospitalization) by 70-80% in COVID-19 patients?

    <p>Monoclonal antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of Tocilizumab in the treatment of later-stage COVID-19 infection?

    <p>Controlling inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the presumed efficacy of Sotrovimab against hospitalization or death in non-hospitalized patients with mild to moderate COVID-19?

    <p>70-85%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which demographic group is NOT associated with an increased risk of Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC)?

    <p>Female gender</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of Evolving paradigms in the treatment of early COVID-19 infection?

    <p>Neutralize virus and stop replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of participants reported symptoms lasting at least 2 months after seropositive for COVID-19 according to the Sheehan Disability Scale?

    <p>40%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT a possible mechanism for increased incidence of new diabetes diagnoses after COVID-19 infection?

    <p>Altered cholesterol metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common initial presentation of COVID-19?

    <p>Fever, cough, and fatigue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the median incubation period for COVID-19?

    <p>2-5 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the common symptoms reported in the USS Theodore Roosevelt COVID-19 outbreak?

    <p>Fever, cough, and fatigue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the human challenge study involving intranasal inoculation with pre-alpha wild type virus find as a common symptom?

    <p>Runny nose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which clinical stage of illness does evidence of lower respiratory infection (LRI) appear?

    <p>Moderate illness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the inflammatory complications associated with severe or critical COVID-19?

    <p>Guillain-Barré syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential reason for the lower rates of severe illness from Omicron?

    <p>Decreased variant virulence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is considered protective against severe illness in vaccinated persons with COVID-19?

    <p>Previous illness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group reported an attack rate of 74% from the Omicron variant outbreak?

    <p>Mostly vaccinated but unboosted attendees at a Christmas party</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a common symptom reported in the Norway Christmas party outbreak associated with the Omicron variant?

    <p>Fatigue and headache</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some of the dermatologic findings reported as potential symptoms of COVID-19?

    <p>Exanthematous rash and pernio (chilblains)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication has been granted EUA for post-exposure prophylaxis of high-risk individuals who are not fully vaccinated or not expected to mount an adequate response to the vaccine?

    <p>Casirivimab-imdevimab</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is a long-acting mAb that may provide protection for 6 or more months?

    <p>Tixagevimab-cilgavimab</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is indicated for pre-exposure prophylaxis for ages ≥12 who are uninfected, without known recent exposure, and have moderate to severe immune compromise and may not mount an adequate response to vaccination?

    <p>Tixagevimab-cilgavimab</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which oral antiviral medication is recommended for use in mild-moderate COVID in persons aged ≥12 with risk factors for severe disease within 5 days of symptom onset and decreases the risk of hospitalizations or death by 88%?

    <p>Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (Paxlovid)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which oral antiviral medication is not recommended in severe renal or hepatic impairment, and has many drug-drug interactions (DDIs)?

    <p>Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (Paxlovid)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which oral antiviral medication has the potential to decrease the risk of hospitalization or death by 30% in adults with risk factors for severe disease within 5 days of symptom onset when there are no other treatment options?

    <p>Molnupiravir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication's EUA was revoked due to Omicron resistance?

    <p>Casirivimab-imdevimab</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    COVID-19 Data and Global Variations

    • COVID-19 data varies widely around the world.

    Acute Respiratory Clinic (ARC) at Emory TravelWell Center

    • The ARC provides guidance for outpatients with COVID-19.

    Guidance for Outpatients with COVID-19

    • Disclaimer: guidance is based on evidence-based guidelines.

    US Approach to COVID-19 Management

    • The US approach to COVID-19 management is based on evidence-based guidelines and can be found online.

    Post-COVID Conditions

    • Post-COVID conditions are a focus of study.

    Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS-C)

    • The reported mortality rate for children diagnosed with MIS-C after COVID-19 infection is unknown.

    Risk Factors for Severe Disease

    • Age is a risk factor for severe disease after COVID-19 infection.
    • Comorbidities are risk factors for severe disease after COVID-19 infection.
    • Other factors are also risk factors for severe disease after COVID-19 infection.
    • Pregnancy is NOT listed as a risk factor for severe disease after COVID-19 infection.

    Monoclonal Therapy

    • The key focus of monoclonal therapy is to reduce hospitalization or death.

    Hyperinflammatory Syndromes

    • Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS) is characterized by severe hyperinflammatory symptoms 2-6 weeks after acute COVID-19 infection.

    Persistent Symptoms

    • 30-40% of ambulatory young adults (16-30 yrs old) experienced persistent symptoms at 6 months after mild COVID-19 infection.

    Medications and Treatment

    • Tocilizumab has been associated with reducing the risk of severe illness (hospitalization) by 70-80% in COVID-19 patients.
    • The main purpose of Tocilizumab is to reduce the risk of severe illness (hospitalization).
    • Sotrovimab has a presumed efficacy of 80-90% against hospitalization or death in non-hospitalized patients with mild to moderate COVID-19.

    Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC)

    • Older adults are associated with an increased risk of PASC.
    • Children are NOT associated with an increased risk of PASC.

    Evolving Paradigms in COVID-19 Treatment

    • The main purpose is to provide effective treatment for early COVID-19 infection.

    Long-term Symptoms

    • 30-40% of participants reported symptoms lasting at least 2 months after seropositive for COVID-19.

    New Diabetes Diagnoses

    • Unknown mechanisms may contribute to an increased incidence of new diabetes diagnoses after COVID-19 infection.

    Initial Presentation of COVID-19

    • The most common initial presentation of COVID-19 is unknown.

    Incubation Period

    • The median incubation period for COVID-19 is 5-6 days.

    USS Theodore Roosevelt COVID-19 Outbreak

    • Common symptoms reported in the USS Theodore Roosevelt COVID-19 outbreak include fever, cough, and fatigue.

    Human Challenge Study

    • A common symptom reported in the human challenge study involving intranasal inoculation with pre-alpha wild type virus is fever.

    Clinical Stages of Illness

    • Evidence of lower respiratory infection (LRI) appears in the severe stage of illness.

    Inflammatory Complications

    • Cytokine release syndrome is an inflammatory complication associated with severe or critical COVID-19.

    Omicron Variant

    • A potential reason for the lower rates of severe illness from Omicron is unknown.
    • Vaccination is considered protective against severe illness in vaccinated persons with COVID-19.

    Attack Rates

    • The group that reported an attack rate of 74% is unknown.

    Norway Christmas Party Outbreak

    • A common symptom reported in the Norway Christmas party outbreak associated with the Omicron variant is fatigue.

    Dermatologic Findings

    • Common dermatologic findings reported as potential symptoms of COVID-19 include rashes and skin lesions.

    Medications and EUA

    • Evusheld has been granted EUA for post-exposure prophylaxis of high-risk individuals who are not fully vaccinated or not expected to mount an adequate response to the vaccine.
    • A long-acting mAb that may provide protection for 6 or more months is Evusheld.
    • A medication indicated for pre-exposure prophylaxis for ages ≥12 who are uninfected, without known recent exposure, and have moderate to severe immune compromise and may not mount an adequate response to vaccination is Evusheld.
    • Paxlovid is an oral antiviral medication recommended for use in mild-moderate COVID in persons aged ≥12 with risk factors for severe disease within 5 days of symptom onset and decreases the risk of hospitalizations or death by 88%.
    • Molnupiravir is an oral antiviral medication not recommended in severe renal or hepatic impairment, and has many drug-drug interactions (DDIs).
    • Molnupiravir has the potential to decrease the risk of hospitalization or death by 30% in adults with risk factors for severe disease within 5 days of symptom onset when there are no other treatment options.
    • The EUA for Molnupiravir was revoked due to Omicron resistance.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge about the risk factors for severe COVID-19 disease and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C). Learn about the factors associated with severe disease and mortality, as well as the characteristics of MIS-C.

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