Covariance Matrix in Mean-Variance Optimization

Points that have the highest average path length

Points with the highest density of neighbors

Points with a shorter average path length than normal points (correct)

Points with the longest distance from the centroid

Group closely packed points together (correct)

Identify isolated points in high-density regions

Mark all points as outliers

Group points randomly to form clusters

To speed up the algorithm

To prevent overfitting and increase robustness (correct)

To guarantee all outliers are identified

To ensure all points are considered equally