Covalent Compounds Quiz

Covalent Compounds

• Covalent compounds, also known as molecular compounds, are formed by two or more nonmetals.
• Examples include water (H₂O) and carbon dioxide (CO₂).

Naming Covalent Compounds

• The first element in a covalent compound keeps its name.
• Prefixes are used for elements with more than one atom.
• Examples: Dihydrogen (H₂), Carbon Monoxide (CO).
• The second element's ending changes to "-ide."
• Prefixes are crucial for clarity when naming molecules.

Prefixes for Covalent Compounds

• Mono- (one), Di- (two), Tri- (three), Tetra- (four), Penta- (five), Hexa- (six), Hepta- (seven), Octa- (eight), Nona- (nine), Deca- (ten).
• The prefix "mono-" is only used for the second element.
• For oxide, the -a of the prefix is dropped (e.g. Tetroxide).
• Examples: Dihydrogen monoxide (H₂O), Sulfur hexafluoride (SF₆), Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂).

Acids

• Acids are compounds containing a hydrogen ion and a nonmetal or anion.
• Binary acids contain hydrogen and a nonmetal.
• Ternary acids (also called oxyacids) contain oxygen.

Naming Binary Acids

• Binary acid names in aqueous solution start with "hydro-" and end with "-ic acid"

• Examples: Hydrogen chloride (HCl) becomes Hydrochloric acid (HCl aqueous); Hydrogen fluoride (HF) becomes Hydrofluoric acid (HF aqueous).

Naming Ternary Acids

• Ternary acid names in aqueous solution are derived from the acid's name as a pure compound.
• Examples: Hydrogen sulfate (H₂SO₄) becomes Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄ aqueous); Hydrogen sulfite (H₂SO₃) becomes Sulfurous acid (H₂SO₃ aqueous).

Bases

• Bases are compounds made of a hydroxide anion and a metal.
• Most bases are ionic compounds (consisting of metal and nonmetal).

Naming Bases

• Base names follow the same pattern as ionic compounds.
• Examples: Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂).