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Questions and Answers
Covalent bonds result from the ________ electrons between two atoms.
Covalent bonds result from the ________ electrons between two atoms.
equal sharing of and unequal sharing of are correct.
Which of the following compounds is classified as covalent?
Which of the following compounds is classified as covalent?
- None of the choices are correct.
- NaBr
- LiBr
- KCl
- HCl (correct)
How many covalent bonds are generally formed by atoms with five valence electrons?
How many covalent bonds are generally formed by atoms with five valence electrons?
- 5
- 2
- 3
- 4 (correct)
- 1
Which of the following elements will generally form only one covalent bond?
Which of the following elements will generally form only one covalent bond?
What is the Lewis structure for chloroethylene (C2H3Cl)?
What is the Lewis structure for chloroethylene (C2H3Cl)?
Which choice would be named carbon tetrachloride?
Which choice would be named carbon tetrachloride?
What is the molecular shape around the phosphorus atom in PH3?
What is the molecular shape around the phosphorus atom in PH3?
Identify the correct name for the compound NO2.
Identify the correct name for the compound NO2.
Aspartic acid is an amino acid used to synthesize proteins. How many lone pairs of electrons need to be added to complete the aspartic acid structure shown below?
Aspartic acid is an amino acid used to synthesize proteins. How many lone pairs of electrons need to be added to complete the aspartic acid structure shown below?
Rank the atoms Br, Cl, and F in order of increasing electronegativity.
Rank the atoms Br, Cl, and F in order of increasing electronegativity.
Which bond is the LEAST polar?
Which bond is the LEAST polar?
The Lewis structure of formaldehyde is shown below. Which statement concerning this structure is INCORRECT?
The Lewis structure of formaldehyde is shown below. Which statement concerning this structure is INCORRECT?
Identify the correct classification for the reaction 2 PbSO4 → 2 PbSO3 + O2.
Identify the correct classification for the reaction 2 PbSO4 → 2 PbSO3 + O2.
Which reaction is a double displacement reaction?
Which reaction is a double displacement reaction?
Which chemical equation is properly balanced?
Which chemical equation is properly balanced?
Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction of acetone (C3H6O) with oxygen (O2) to form carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O).
Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction of acetone (C3H6O) with oxygen (O2) to form carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O).
How many iron atoms are in 0.32 mol of Fe2O3?
How many iron atoms are in 0.32 mol of Fe2O3?
What is the formula weight of Co(NO3)3?
What is the formula weight of Co(NO3)3?
Aspartic acid is an amino acid used to synthesize proteins. What is the molar mass of aspartic acid shown below?
Aspartic acid is an amino acid used to synthesize proteins. What is the molar mass of aspartic acid shown below?
Complete the following table using the given balanced equation and the initial quantities of reactants. Equation: N2(g) + 2 O2(g) → 2 NO2(g)
Complete the following table using the given balanced equation and the initial quantities of reactants. Equation: N2(g) + 2 O2(g) → 2 NO2(g)
How many moles of sulfur trioxide are formed from 3 moles of sulfur dioxide using the given balanced equation? 2 SO2 + O2 → 2 SO3.
How many moles of sulfur trioxide are formed from 3 moles of sulfur dioxide using the given balanced equation? 2 SO2 + O2 → 2 SO3.
Consider the reaction: 2 Al(OH)3 + 3 H2SO4 → Al2(SO4)3 + 6 H2O. How many grams of Al2(SO4)3 are generated when 152 g of H2SO4 reacts?
Consider the reaction: 2 Al(OH)3 + 3 H2SO4 → Al2(SO4)3 + 6 H2O. How many grams of Al2(SO4)3 are generated when 152 g of H2SO4 reacts?
Suppose the theoretical yield in a reaction is 10.5 g and the percent yield is 75.5%. What is the actual yield of product obtained?
Suppose the theoretical yield in a reaction is 10.5 g and the percent yield is 75.5%. What is the actual yield of product obtained?
Consider the oxidation of sodium metal to sodium oxide described by the balanced equation: 4 Na + O2 → 2 Na2O. If 2.55 mol of sodium reacts, and 75.0 g of Na2O is produced, what is the percent yield?
Consider the oxidation of sodium metal to sodium oxide described by the balanced equation: 4 Na + O2 → 2 Na2O. If 2.55 mol of sodium reacts, and 75.0 g of Na2O is produced, what is the percent yield?
Tin (II) fluoride can be made by the following reaction: Sn(s) + 2 HF(g) → SnF2(s) + H2(g). What is the maximum amount of SnF2 that can be produced when 0.480 moles of Sn are mixed with 0.720 moles of HF?
Tin (II) fluoride can be made by the following reaction: Sn(s) + 2 HF(g) → SnF2(s) + H2(g). What is the maximum amount of SnF2 that can be produced when 0.480 moles of Sn are mixed with 0.720 moles of HF?
Identify the species that is oxidized and the species that is reduced in the reaction: 2 I- + Cl2 → 2 Cl- + I2.
Identify the species that is oxidized and the species that is reduced in the reaction: 2 I- + Cl2 → 2 Cl- + I2.
In the balanced redox reaction: 2 Cu(s) + S(s) → Cu2S(s), how many electrons are gained or lost by each copper atom?
In the balanced redox reaction: 2 Cu(s) + S(s) → Cu2S(s), how many electrons are gained or lost by each copper atom?
In the balanced redox reaction: 2 C2H6(g) + 7 O2(g) → 4 CO2(g) + 6 H2O(g), which species is reduced?
In the balanced redox reaction: 2 C2H6(g) + 7 O2(g) → 4 CO2(g) + 6 H2O(g), which species is reduced?
The chemical equation: KClO3(s) → KCl(s) + O2(g) is not balanced. Balance this equation, then select the statement that best describes the balanced equation.
The chemical equation: KClO3(s) → KCl(s) + O2(g) is not balanced. Balance this equation, then select the statement that best describes the balanced equation.
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Study Notes
Covalent Bonds
- Covalent bonds occur through equal or unequal sharing of electrons between atoms.
- Compounds classified as covalent include HCl (hydrogen chloride).
Valence Electrons and Bond Formation
- Atoms with five valence electrons can generally form four covalent bonds.
- Hydrogen typically forms only one covalent bond.
Molecular Structures
- Chloroethylene (C2H3Cl) has a Lewis structure comprising a total of 18 electrons.
- Phosphorus in PH3 exhibits a trigonal pyramidal molecular shape.
Chemical Naming and Formulas
- NO2 is named nitrogen dioxide.
- Carbon tetrachloride is designated as CCl4.
Polar Bonds
- The least polar bond listed is C-C.
Lewis Structures and Properties
- In formaldehyde's Lewis structure, a statement claiming that two electrons are shared between carbon and oxygen is incorrect.
Reaction Classifications
- The decomposition reaction is represented by the equation: 2 PbSO4 → 2 PbSO3 + O2.
- A double displacement reaction is exemplified by: 3 Ca(OH)2 + Al2(SO4)3 → 3 CaSO4 + 2 Al(OH)3.
Balanced Equations
- The properly balanced equation for the reaction involving sulfur dioxide and water to form sulfuric acid is: 2 SO2 + O2 + 2 H2O → 2 H2SO4.
Moles and Chemical Yield
- In a reaction producing Al2(SO4)3 from H2SO4, 177 grams of Al2(SO4)3 are generated from 152 grams of H2SO4.
- Actual yield derived from theoretical yield (10.5 g with 75.5% yield) is 7.93 g.
Percent Yield
- Percent yield from 2.55 mol of sodium producing 75.0 g of Na2O is calculated to be 94.9%.
Production of Compounds
- From 0.480 moles of Sn and 0.720 moles of HF, a maximum of 0.360 moles of SnF2 can be produced.
Redox Reactions
- In the reaction 2 I- + Cl2 → 2 Cl- + I2, I- is oxidized while Cl2 is reduced.
- In the reaction 2 Cu + S → Cu2S, each copper atom loses one electron.
Balancing Chemical Equations
- KClO3 decomposition yields an equation with six atoms of oxygen on both sides when balanced.
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