Covalent Bonds and Molecular Structures

Questions and Answers

Covalent bonds result from the ________ electrons between two atoms.

equal sharing of and unequal sharing of are correct.

Which of the following compounds is classified as covalent?

None of the choices are correct.

NaBr

LiBr

KCl

HCl (correct)

How many covalent bonds are generally formed by atoms with five valence electrons?

4 (correct)

Which of the following elements will generally form only one covalent bond?

Hydrogen Signup and view all the answers

What is the Lewis structure for chloroethylene (C2H3Cl)?

with 18e- in total Signup and view all the answers

Which choice would be named carbon tetrachloride?

CCl4 Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecular shape around the phosphorus atom in PH3?

Trigonal pyramidal Signup and view all the answers

Identify the correct name for the compound NO2.

Nitrogen dioxide Signup and view all the answers

Aspartic acid is an amino acid used to synthesize proteins. How many lone pairs of electrons need to be added to complete the aspartic acid structure shown below?

9 Signup and view all the answers

Rank the atoms Br, Cl, and F in order of increasing electronegativity.

Br < Cl < F Signup and view all the answers

Which bond is the LEAST polar?

C-C Signup and view all the answers

The Lewis structure of formaldehyde is shown below. Which statement concerning this structure is INCORRECT?

Two electrons are being shared between the carbon atom and the oxygen atom. Signup and view all the answers

Identify the correct classification for the reaction 2 PbSO4 → 2 PbSO3 + O2.

Decomposition Signup and view all the answers

Which reaction is a double displacement reaction?

3 Ca(OH)2 + Al2(SO4)3 → 3 CaSO4 + 2 Al(OH)3 Signup and view all the answers

Which chemical equation is properly balanced?

2 SO2 + O2 + 2 H2O → 2 H2SO4 Signup and view all the answers

Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction of acetone (C3H6O) with oxygen (O2) to form carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O).

C3H6O + 4 O2 → 3 CO2 + 3 H2O Signup and view all the answers

How many iron atoms are in 0.32 mol of Fe2O3?

3.9 × 1023 iron atoms Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula weight of Co(NO3)3?

244.96 amu Signup and view all the answers

Aspartic acid is an amino acid used to synthesize proteins. What is the molar mass of aspartic acid shown below?

133.11 g/mol Signup and view all the answers

Complete the following table using the given balanced equation and the initial quantities of reactants. Equation: N2(g) + 2 O2(g) → 2 NO2(g)

10 molecules formed Signup and view all the answers

How many moles of sulfur trioxide are formed from 3 moles of sulfur dioxide using the given balanced equation? 2 SO2 + O2 → 2 SO3.

3 mol of SO3 Signup and view all the answers

Consider the reaction: 2 Al(OH)3 + 3 H2SO4 → Al2(SO4)3 + 6 H2O. How many grams of Al2(SO4)3 are generated when 152 g of H2SO4 reacts?

177 g of Al2(SO4)3 Signup and view all the answers

Suppose the theoretical yield in a reaction is 10.5 g and the percent yield is 75.5%. What is the actual yield of product obtained?

7.93 g Signup and view all the answers

Consider the oxidation of sodium metal to sodium oxide described by the balanced equation: 4 Na + O2 → 2 Na2O. If 2.55 mol of sodium reacts, and 75.0 g of Na2O is produced, what is the percent yield?

94.9% yield Signup and view all the answers

Tin (II) fluoride can be made by the following reaction: Sn(s) + 2 HF(g) → SnF2(s) + H2(g). What is the maximum amount of SnF2 that can be produced when 0.480 moles of Sn are mixed with 0.720 moles of HF?

0.360 moles of SnF2 Signup and view all the answers

Identify the species that is oxidized and the species that is reduced in the reaction: 2 I- + Cl2 → 2 Cl- + I2.

I- is oxidized and Cl2 is reduced. Signup and view all the answers

In the balanced redox reaction: 2 Cu(s) + S(s) → Cu2S(s), how many electrons are gained or lost by each copper atom?

Each copper atom loses one (1) electron Signup and view all the answers

In the balanced redox reaction: 2 C2H6(g) + 7 O2(g) → 4 CO2(g) + 6 H2O(g), which species is reduced?

O2(g) Signup and view all the answers

The chemical equation: KClO3(s) → KCl(s) + O2(g) is not balanced. Balance this equation, then select the statement that best describes the balanced equation.

The balanced equation will have six atoms of oxygen on each side of the equation. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Covalent Bonds

Covalent bonds occur through equal or unequal sharing of electrons between atoms.
Compounds classified as covalent include HCl (hydrogen chloride).

Valence Electrons and Bond Formation

Atoms with five valence electrons can generally form four covalent bonds.
Hydrogen typically forms only one covalent bond.

Molecular Structures

Chloroethylene (C2H3Cl) has a Lewis structure comprising a total of 18 electrons.
Phosphorus in PH3 exhibits a trigonal pyramidal molecular shape.

Chemical Naming and Formulas

NO2 is named nitrogen dioxide.
Carbon tetrachloride is designated as CCl4.

Polar Bonds

The least polar bond listed is C-C.

Lewis Structures and Properties

In formaldehyde's Lewis structure, a statement claiming that two electrons are shared between carbon and oxygen is incorrect.

Reaction Classifications

The decomposition reaction is represented by the equation: 2 PbSO4 → 2 PbSO3 + O2.
A double displacement reaction is exemplified by: 3 Ca(OH)2 + Al2(SO4)3 → 3 CaSO4 + 2 Al(OH)3.

Balanced Equations

The properly balanced equation for the reaction involving sulfur dioxide and water to form sulfuric acid is: 2 SO2 + O2 + 2 H2O → 2 H2SO4.

Moles and Chemical Yield

In a reaction producing Al2(SO4)3 from H2SO4, 177 grams of Al2(SO4)3 are generated from 152 grams of H2SO4.
Actual yield derived from theoretical yield (10.5 g with 75.5% yield) is 7.93 g.

Percent Yield

Percent yield from 2.55 mol of sodium producing 75.0 g of Na2O is calculated to be 94.9%.

Production of Compounds

From 0.480 moles of Sn and 0.720 moles of HF, a maximum of 0.360 moles of SnF2 can be produced.

Redox Reactions

In the reaction 2 I- + Cl2 → 2 Cl- + I2, I- is oxidized while Cl2 is reduced.
In the reaction 2 Cu + S → Cu2S, each copper atom loses one electron.

Balancing Chemical Equations

KClO3 decomposition yields an equation with six atoms of oxygen on both sides when balanced.

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Description

This quiz covers the fundamentals of covalent bonds, including valence electrons, molecular shapes, and chemical naming. It explores concepts such as polar bonds, Lewis structures, and reaction classifications, providing a comprehensive understanding of molecular chemistry.