Courbes IS/LM - Déplacements

IS/LM Curve Shifts

• Shifts in the IS curve are caused by changes in autonomous spending (consumption, investment, government spending, net exports).
• An increase in autonomous spending shifts the IS curve to the right, increasing output and interest rates.
• A decrease in autonomous spending shifts the IS curve to the left, decreasing output and interest rates.
• Factors affecting the IS curve include changes in expectations, fiscal policy, and exchange rates.

IS/LM Curve Shifts - Fiscal Policy

• Expansionary fiscal policy (increased government spending or tax cuts) shifts the IS curve to the right.
• Contractionary fiscal policy (decreased government spending or tax increases) shifts the IS curve to the left.
• These policies impact aggregate demand and output.

IS/LM Curve Shifts - Monetary Policy

• Expansionary monetary policy (lowering interest rates) shifts the LM curve to the right.
• Contractionary monetary policy (raising interest rates) shifts the LM curve to the left.
• These policies impact money supply and interest rates.

Shocks

• Demand Shocks: Changes in aggregate demand (e.g. consumer confidence).
• Supply Shocks: Changes in aggregate supply (e.g. changes in factor prices, natural disasters).
• These shocks impact output and inflation, requiring policy adjustments.

Keynesian Economics

• Emphasizes the role of aggregate demand in driving economic fluctuations.
• Argues that market failures can lead to persistent unemployment, requiring government intervention to restore full employment.
• Focuses on short-run fluctuations and the role of monetary and fiscal policies to correct the economy.
• Keynesian economics advocates for government intervention via fiscal policy to stabilize the economy during recessions, since markets cannot always self-correct.

Supply and Demand Shocks

• Supply shocks affect prices and output simultaneously, potentially resulting in stagflation.
• Demand shocks affect prices and output but through different channels.

Policy Responses to Shocks

• Fiscal Policy: Government spending or tax policies (e.g. stimulus package).
• Monetary Policy: Central bank actions to influence interest rates and money supply.
• The appropriate policy response varies based on the type of shock (demand or supply).

General Equilibrium

• A state where all markets clear simultaneously, meaning supply equals demand in all sectors of the economy.
• Factors influencing general equilibrium include prices, preferences, and resource availability.
• General equilibrium models represent a crucial analytical framework for understanding macroeconomics and microeconomics interactions.

Liquidity

• Refers to the ease with which an asset can be converted into cash.
• Liquidity preference theory suggests that individuals demand money for transactions and speculative purposes, influencing interest rates.
• Changes in the demand for money due to changes in liquidity lead to fluctuations in interest rates.

Ce quiz explore les déplacements des courbes IS et LM en réponse à différents types de politiques économiques. Il couvre l'impact des variations de la dépense autonome, ainsi que des politiques fiscales et monétaires sur la demande agrégée et la production. Testez vos connaissances sur les concepts clés de la théorie économique !