Country and Jazz Legends Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What was the primary focus of the Urban Folk Revival movement that began in the 1940s?

  • Creating new musical genres unrelated to traditional folk
  • Encouraging classical music appreciation
  • Reviving traditional folk music and addressing social issues (correct)
  • Promoting commercial music industry standards

Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of John and Alan Lomax in American music?

  • They were primarily responsible for developing the commercial music industry.
  • They criticized folk music and sought to modernize it completely.
  • They focused on recording classical music from Europe.
  • They captured traditional American music, emphasizing performers over songs. (correct)

How did the Oklahoma Dust Bowl influence American music during the 1930s?

  • It unified all music genres under one movement.
  • It led to a decline in interest in musical traditions.
  • It spurred migration that inspired new musical expressions and artists. (correct)
  • It caused musicians to abandon their careers for farming.

What does the slogan 'This Machine Kills Fascists' signify in the context of Woody Guthrie's music?

<p>It represents a belief in music as a tool against oppression and injustice. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element is NOT characteristic of Pentecostalism's influence on gospel music?

<p>Integration of solemn classical music traditions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What theme is primarily explored in Hank Thompson's 'Wild Side of Life'?

<p>Women seducing men into bad behavior (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinctive feature is increasingly associated with country music as mentioned in the content?

<p>Steel guitar as a leading instrument (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Wells respond to the accusations made in Thompson's 'Wild Side of Life'?

<p>By writing a counter song called 'It Wasn’t God Who Made Honky Tonk Angels' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was unique about Wells’s song that it was the first for a woman to achieve on the Billboard Country & Western chart?

<p>It was the first song by a woman to hit #1 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What led to Hank Williams's abilities on the guitar, as mentioned in the content?

<p>Learning from an African American street musician named Teetot (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way did Thompson borrow from 'Great Speckled Bird' in his songwriting?

<p>By adopting its melody and rhythm for a secular theme (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the reaction of the Grand Ole Opry and NBC radio to certain songs mentioned in the content?

<p>They banned some songs for their controversial lyrics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes Big Mama Thornton's recording of 'Hound Dog'?

<p>It featured a growing influence of R&amp;B into rock and roll. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the songwriting team of Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller?

<p>They grew up in the rough neighborhoods of Chicago. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way did Muddy Waters contribute to the R&B genre?

<p>He popularized a unique style of rhythm and blues. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the lyrics of 'Hound Dog' primarily emphasize?

<p>A critique of a lazy partner. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is notable about the production style of 'Hound Dog'?

<p>It mainly uses a 12-bar blues form with minimal instrumentation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which other artist is mentioned alongside Big Mama Thornton as a prominent figure in R&B?

<p>Aretha Franklin. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Big Mama Thornton's financial situation relate to her music career?

<p>She faced similar financial struggles as other R&amp;B artists. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of the song 'Hound Dog' sets it apart from earlier R&B songs?

<p>Its forceful female perspective. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact did 'Hound Dog' have beyond its initial release?

<p>Elvis Presley remade it into a larger hit. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group was the first Black group to break the Top 10 on the pop charts?

<p>The Chords (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What musical style is primarily showcased in the song 'Sh-Boom' by The Crew Cuts?

<p>Crooning (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What unique sound element is used in The Crew Cuts' arrangement of 'Sh-Boom'?

<p>Tympani 'boing' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which record label signed Junior Parker and his band, the Blue Flames?

<p>Sun Records (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what year did The Chords' 'Sh-Boom' reach #9 on the Pop charts?

<p>1954 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary structure of the song 'Sh-Boom'?

<p>AABA form (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following groups achieved greater success in covering 'Sh-Boom'?

<p>The Crew Cuts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What element contrasts the vocal registers in The Chords' 'Sh-Boom'?

<p>Bass vocal section (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of Junior Parker's background influenced his music career?

<p>His roots in Clarksdale, Mississippi (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant role did Sam Phillips play in Junior Parker's career?

<p>He was the owner of his record label. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary objective of the AFM Strike (1942-44)?

<p>To improve working conditions and pay for musicians (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the role of BMI in the music industry?

<p>It represents songwriters and publishers to ensure they receive royalties (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Strange Fruit' symbolize in American history?

<p>The resistance to racial injustice and lynching (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which two terms relate specifically to vocal performance techniques?

<p>Vibrato and Rubato (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best captures the essence of the term 'Bobby Soxers'?

<p>Adolescent girls who were avid fans of Frank Sinatra (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant consequence of the AFM Strike in terms of market dynamics in the music industry?

<p>Singers gained marketability over band leaders (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What incident reflects the intense fan culture of the 1940s surrounding Frank Sinatra?

<p>The Columbus Day Riot of 1944 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Rubato' contribute to vocal performances?

<p>Expressive fluctuations in tempo for emotional delivery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What underlying issue does lynching reflect in American history?

<p>The racial tensions and injustices prevalent in society (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterized the Zoot Suit in the context of its cultural significance?

<p>A symbol of cultural identity and resistance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Hank Thompson's "Wild Side of Life"

A song that criticizes women for leading men astray.

"It Wasn’t God Who Made Honky Tonk Angels"

Song by a woman that challenged the morality claims.

"Great Speckled Bird"

Religious song used as a basis for other songs.

Country Music Chart #1

First song by a female artist to top the chart.

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Steel Guitar's Role

Became a signature sound in country music.

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Hank Williams's "Your Cheatin' Heart"

Expressing themes of heartbreak and betrayal.

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Hank Williams's background

Started in poverty and learned music from African American artists.

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The Chords' "Sh-Boom"

A popular 1954 song by The Chords that reached #9 on the Pop charts, marking a significant milestone for Black groups in popular music.

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AABA form (music)

A common song structure in music, characterized by four sections (A-A-B-A), often with variations in vocal intensity.

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The Chords' Vocal Style

The Chords used intensified vocals, particularly in the return of the A section, employing a gospel-like intensity.

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R&B influence

The Chords’ song incorporated aspects of R&B, evidenced by a "hot" saxophone solo, demonstrating the crossover between genres.

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The Crew Cuts

Another popular group that covered "Sh‐Boom", showing this song's ability to achieve success, though with a slightly different style.

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The Crew Cuts' Approach

The Crew Cuts' style leaned towards a slower tempo and a gentler approach to the music, emphasizing a "sweet" horn arrangement and employing novelty sounds.

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Sun Records

An independent record label involved in the mid-20th century music scene.

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Junior Parker

A musician from Mississippi, known for his work with the Blue Flames, who recorded "Mystery Train" in 1953.

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"Mystery Train"

1953 song by Junior Parker that is remembered due to its connection to early rock and roll.

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Atlantic Records' Cat Records

An important subsidiary label of Atlantic Records

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Hay

A popular radio program featuring both black and white performers, helping to mainstream country music.

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Zoot Suit

A style of clothing popular in the 1940s, often associated with jazz culture and urban youth. It became a symbol of cultural identity and resistance.

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Lynching

A violent act of racial terror, often targeting African Americans, prevalent in the US. It reflects deep-seated racial tensions and injustices.

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Abel Meeropol

An American schoolteacher and social activist known for writing the poem "Bitter Fruit," which was later set to music as "Strange Fruit," a powerful protest song against racism and lynching.

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BMI

A performing rights organization protecting songwriters and publishers, ensuring they receive royalties for their music played in public.

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AFM

A labor union representing professional musicians in the US and Canada, involved in several labor disputes, including the AFM Strike.

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AFM Strike (1942-44)

A significant labor strike by musicians against record companies, protesting the lack of royalties for recorded music. Singers becoming more marketable than band leaders was a result of this strike.

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Bobby Soxers

Adolescent girls who became fervent fans of Frank Sinatra, often acting out enthusiastically, like the Columbus Day Riot.

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Columbus Day Riot, 1944

A riot involving Bobby Soxers at a Paramount Theatre because they couldn't see Frank Sinatra, highlighting his massive fan culture.

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Rubato

A musical term referring to expressive fluctuations in tempo, often used in vocal performances for emotional delivery.

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Urban Folk Revival

A movement in the 1940s that aimed to bring back traditional folk music, often connected to social and political activism. It stressed music as a way for people to express themselves, challenging the commercialization of music.

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John and Alan Lomax

Folk music experts who recorded traditional American music, focusing on African American songs. They believed folk culture was alive and well, using a recording machine to capture performances in remote areas, highlighting the performers more than the songs themselves.

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Oklahoma Dust Bowl (Okies)

A period in the 1930s when severe drought and dust storms destroyed farming in Oklahoma, forcing many families to move, particularly to California, for work. This period strongly affected American music and culture, with many artists, like Woody Guthrie, emerging from this background.

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This Machine Kills Fascists

A slogan used by Woody Guthrie, showing his belief in music as a weapon against oppression and injustice. Guthrie's songs often dealt with social issues and aimed to give a voice to the marginalized.

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Gospel Music

A type of African American religious music that developed from the 19th-century spiritual tradition. It blends elements of popular music, emphasizing spiritual uplift, often using call-and-response patterns and expressive singing styles.

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Big Mama Thornton

A powerful blues and R&B singer best known for her version of "Hound Dog", showcasing a growling vocal style and strong blues influence.

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"Hound Dog"

A blues song with a 12-bar structure and lyrics about a lazy and demanding man mooching off his girlfriend, originally performed by Big Mama Thornton.

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Lieber and Stoller

A songwriting duo who wrote "Hound Dog" and many other popular R&B hits, known for their ability to capture the energy and emotion of the genre.

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Johnny Otis

A Greek-American bandleader and musician who emphasized R&B music and had a significant influence on the development of the genre. He also played with Big Mama Thornton.

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R&B evolving into Rock and Roll

The evolution of R&B started with the addition of the guitar, claps, and backbeat, leading to the development of rock and roll.

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Ruth Brown

A prominent R&B singer of the 1950s known as the "Queen of R&B" and "Ms. Rhythm", known for her powerful vocals and influential work in the genre.

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Atlantic Records

A prominent record label that played a key role in shaping the R&B and rock and roll scene, producing artists like Ruth Brown, Ray Charles, and Aretha Franklin.

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Muddy Waters

A legendary blues guitarist and singer known for his raw and powerful performances, who played an essential role in shaping the sound of the blues and influencing rock and roll.

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Mannish Boy

A blues song known for its energetic rhythm and emotional lyrics, originally recorded by Muddy Waters.

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Study Notes

Western Swing, Bluegrass, Country & Western

  • Roy Acuff was a prominent early country music star, associated with the Grand Ole Opry. His music blended Southern church hymns with a strophic English ballad style.
  • Gene Autry was a popular TV and film star, often portrayed as a "singing cowboy." He initially performed various genres, but transitioned to a romanticized cowboy image.
  • Kitty Wells was a pioneering female country music star, famous for her song "It Wasn't God Who Made Honky Tonk Angels". The song opposed the moralistic image depicted by previous country songs.
  • Hank Williams gained recognition for his distinctive "honky-tonk" music style, marked by its raw emotion and focus on relationships and hardship. He also influenced many other musicians.

Big Band Singers

  • Cab Calloway, a prominent bandleader and vocalist, was popular for his style and image. He was succeeded Duke Ellington at the Cotton Club.
  • Billie Holiday was a pivotal female jazz singer of the era. Her early life was difficult and influenced her style and portrayal. Her song "Strange Fruit" is notable.
  • The text mentions Nancy (with the Laughing Face) and Minnie the Moocher, but other details weren't included about each of those figures.

Urban Folk Revival

  • Lead Belly was a significant folk musician, discovering this music style through his time in prison.
  • Woody Guthrie was a prolific folk artist, known as the "father of country music." He addressed social and economic realities in his songs. He was a significant figure in the popularization of folk music.

Gospel Music

  • Arizona Dranes was an early gospel performer, known for her contributions and transitioning into Gospel style from previous popular styles of music, particularly in the 1920's.
  • Thomas Dorsey was a pivotal figure in making Christian music, known as the "Father of Black Gospel Music". His transition from playing Hokum Blues was impactful.
  • Sister Rosetta Tharpe was a significant influence, particularly in adding electric guitar and gospel style to music.

From Rhythm & Blues to Rock 'n' Roll

  • Big Joe Turner was a successful vocalist from Kansas City, noted for impacting rhythm and blues.
  • Bill Haley & His Comets were an important group of performers combining various genres, specifically blues and gospel music styles.
  • The Chords were important for promoting R&B, and their success demonstrated a shift in marketing and style of music.
  • Junior Parker was important in the development of rock and roll, and the music that followed.

Rock 'n' Roll, Part 1: The R&B side

  • Bo Diddley developed a distinct guitar style, playing a style of African-American music.
  • Chuck Berry wrote many well-known songs with a distinct style.

Rock 'n' Roll, Part 2: The Country & Western Side

  • Johnny Cash was famous for singing about prison and hardship.
  • Elvis Presley was one of the most popular singers of the period, and transitioned from country to rock and roll style.
  • Buddy Holly was an early figure in rock and roll and played many styles of music.
  • Ritchie Valens was an important Latino musician who also played an influential rock and roll style.

Doo Wop; The Backlash Against Rock 'n' Roll

  • The Platters were popular doo-wop performers that were also impactful on the genre of popular music.

A Teenager in Love

  • Dion and the Belmonts were a popular doo-wop ensemble.
  • The Chantels were one of the few female ensembles that successfully blended into popular music with their doo-wop style.

Country & Western

  • The text covers the history of Country and Western music, different styles, and key figures.

Other

  • The Mann Act
  • Teen idols
  • Fabian

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Test your knowledge on the influential figures in Western Swing, Bluegrass, and Big Band music. Discover the legacies of stars like Roy Acuff, Gene Autry, and Billie Holiday. Explore how their contributions shaped the music industry and left a lasting impact on genres.

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