47 Questions
In prudential standing, what does the court consider even if the plaintiff has established Article III standing?
Judicial administration
When does the question of standing shift to whether the plaintiff has actually established the elements of Article III standing?
In a motion for summary judgment or at trial
What type of standing is created by specific statutes?
Statutory standing
What is the main focus when a defendant moves to dismiss a complaint for lack of standing?
Article III standing elements
At what stage of litigation does the question of standing relate to whether the plaintiff has plausibly alleged Article III standing?
Motion for summary judgment or at trial
Why can the same facts give rise to different standing analyses in litigation?
Depends on the stage of litigation
What is the term used to describe the power of unelected federal judges to strike down statutes enacted by elected representatives?
Countermajoritarian difficulty
Which branch of government has the power to limit the jurisdiction of federal courts as a check on their power to strike down statutes?
Congress
Which requirement, traced back to Article III, Section 2, Clause 1 of the Constitution, constrains federal courts to deciding actual cases or controversies?
Case-or-controversy requirement
Which justiciability doctrine is the most important and common, asking whether a plaintiff has the right to have a court decide on the merits of a dispute or specific issues?
Standing
What does the Supreme Court regard as fundamental to the judiciary's proper role in the government system?
Constitutional limitation of federal-court jurisdiction to actual cases or controversies
With respect to federal-court jurisdiction, what does Article III of the Constitution constrain the courts to exercise?
Judicial power
Which of the following is NOT a requirement for a lawsuit to have Article III standing?
Statutory Standing
What must a plaintiff show to establish an injury-in-fact according to the text?
Direct and personal injury
Under what circumstances is it usually easy to satisfy the injury prong for Article III standing?
When the claim is for violation of a common-law right
What is the main focus of the causation requirement for Article III standing?
Whether the harm was caused by the defendant's conduct
Which of the following is NOT true about redressability in the context of Article III standing?
It requires that the plaintiff will be made whole by the lawsuit
What does it mean for all three elements of Article III standing to be jurisdictional?
They can be raised by any party at any time
When appealing a lower-court ruling, what must a party invoking appellate review demonstrate regarding standing?
They were harmed by the lower-court ruling
In addition to Article III standing, what other types of standing requirements has the Supreme Court identified?
Statutory and Prudential Standing
What is the difference between statutory standing and prudential standing?
Statutory standing requires specific statutes for standing, while prudential standing involves the court's prudent administration.
At what stage of litigation does the question of whether the plaintiff has actually established Article III standing arise?
Motion for summary judgment or at trial
What does the court consider in prudential standing even if the plaintiff has established Article III standing?
Prudent judicial administration
In what circumstance does the question of whether the plaintiff has plausibly alleged Article III standing arise?
Motion to dismiss for lack of standing
Why may the same facts give rise to different standing analyses in litigation?
Varied stages of litigation
What is the main focus when a defendant moves to dismiss a complaint for lack of standing?
Whether plaintiff has plausibly alleged Article III standing
What does the court determine in prudential standing contexts?
Prudent judicial administration
When does the question of whether the plaintiff has plausibly alleged Article III standing shift to actual establishment of elements of Article III standing?
Summary judgment or at trial
Why might prudent judicial administration disfavor resolution of a particular dispute?
To maintain efficient litigation processes
What is crucial in determining whether standing has been established based on the stage of litigation?
The question presented
What is the term for the power of unelected federal judges to strike down statutes enacted by elected representatives?
Countermajoritarian difficulty
Why does the Supreme Court trace most justiciability doctrines back to the case-or-controversy requirement?
To define federal-court jurisdiction limits
Which Constitutional clause constrains federal courts to exercise judicial, rather than legislative or executive, power?
Article III, Section 2
What is the main focus of the standing doctrine as a justiciability requirement?
Determining court jurisdiction
Which term describes the doctrine that determines if a plaintiff should be allowed to have a court resolve the merits of a claimed dispute?
Standing requirement
How does Article III prevent federal courts from exercising legislative or executive powers?
By restricting them to judicial functions
What is the primary purpose of Congress's countervailing power concerning federal courts?
To restrict judicial authority
How does the political-question doctrine differ from other justiciability doctrines?
It pertains to disputes beyond legal resolution
What is the key function of standing within the context of Article III's case-or-controversy requirement?
To define the proper scope of federal-court jurisdiction
Why is standing considered a significant constraint on federal courts' actions?
It protects separation of powers
What is the primary focus of the injury-in-fact requirement for Article III standing?
Verifying if the injury is impermissible generalized grievance
When does it become more difficult to satisfy the injury-in-fact prong for Article III standing?
When the claim arises from a statutory regime like environmental law
Why has the Supreme Court generally been hostile to claims that taxpayers have standing to challenge government expenditures?
Because taxpayers' claims typically involve impermissible generalized grievances
In what circumstances can legislators challenge executive branch actions according to the text?
When actions purport to nullify their votes
What is the key difference between the causation requirement and redressability requirement for Article III standing?
Causation deals with whether harm was caused by someone else, while redressability assesses if a court decision will remedy the harm
Why are all three elements of Article III standing considered jurisdictional?
To allow any party to raise these elements at any time
Under what conditions can states sue the federal government according to the text?
When protecting their own interests
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