Counseling Profession: Characteristics and Standards

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Questions and Answers

What is a characteristic of a profession?

Having a specific body of knowledge (correct)

Having a certain number of years of experience

Having a professional organization of competitors

Having a high level of income

What is the focus of guidance?

Dealing with external problems in relationships

Focusing on intrapsychic, internal, and personal issues

Helping people make important choices that affect their lives (correct)

Providing medical treatment for mental health issues

What is the focus of psychotherapy?

Dealing with external problems in relationships

Providing career counseling for individuals

Focusing on serious problems with intrapsychic, internal, and personal issues (correct)

Helping people make important choices that affect their lives

What is counseling according to the 20/20: A Vision for the Future of Counseling group?

A professional relationship that empowers diverse individuals, families, and groups to accomplish mental health, wellness, education, and career goals Signup and view all the answers

What is a standard of excellence in a profession?

Having a professional organization of peers Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of a profession according to Myers & Sweeney (2001)?

Credentialing of practitioners such as licensure Signup and view all the answers

Who wrote the book A Mind That Found Itself in 1908?

Clifford Beers Signup and view all the answers

What was founded in 1913 as a precursor to the ACA?

National Vocational Guidance Association Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Smith-Hughes Act of 1917?

To provide funding for schools to support vocational education Signup and view all the answers

What was published in 1927?

Strong Vocational Interest Inventory Signup and view all the answers

Who established the first marriage and family counseling center in New York City?

Abraham and Hannah Stone Signup and view all the answers

What is the approach known as developed by E.G. Williamson?

The Minnesota point of view Signup and view all the answers

Who emphasized a client-centered, non-directive approach to counseling?

Carl Rogers Signup and view all the answers

What event brought a new way of looking at vocations for men and women?

World War II Signup and view all the answers

What was established in 1952 within the American Psychological Association?

Division 17 (Society of Counseling Psychology) Signup and view all the answers

What act provided funds for counselor training institutes in 1946?

The George-Barden Act Signup and view all the answers

Who published 'Education as Guidance' in 1932?

John Brewer Signup and view all the answers

What was published by Carl Rogers in 1942?

Counseling and Psychotherapy Signup and view all the answers

Which book written by Gilbert Wrenn emphasized resolving developmental needs?

The Counselor in a Changing World Signup and view all the answers

What was the main reason for the growth of Behavioral Counseling in the 1960s?

John Krumboltz's Revolution in Counseling Signup and view all the answers

What was the main outcome of the 1970s in terms of counseling settings?

Diversification in counseling settings Signup and view all the answers

What was the main goal of Title IX of the Education Amendments?

To advocate for services for females, minorities, and persons with disabilities Signup and view all the answers

When was the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Programs formed?

1981 Signup and view all the answers

What was the main outcome of the 1980s in terms of counseling training?

Standardization of training and certification Signup and view all the answers

What was the name of the association formed in 1985?

Chi Sigma Iota Signup and view all the answers

In what year did the AACD become the American Counseling Association (ACA)?

1992 Signup and view all the answers

Who wrote the multicultural counseling competences and standards for counselors in 1992?

Sue, Arredondo, and McDavis Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the current trends in the twenty-first century in counseling?

Increase in managed health care organizations Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the initiative focused on the future of counseling?

Leadership –20/20 Signup and view all the answers

How many divisions does the American Counseling Association (ACA) have?

19 Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

History of Counseling

1908: Clifford Beers wrote "A Mind That Found Itself" about the poor conditions in mental institutions.
1910s: National Vocational Guidance Association (NVGA) founded in 1913, which later became the American Counseling Association (ACA).
1917: Smith-Hughes Act provided funding for schools to support vocational education.
World War I: Employed psychological assessments and intelligence tests for recruitment.

1920s

Counselor education courses emphasized vocational guidance.
Certification of counselors in Boston and New York.
Strong Vocational Interest Inventory published in 1927.
The first marriage and family counseling center established by Abraham and Hannah Stone in New York City in 1929.

1930s

The Great Depression influenced researchers and practitioners.
E.G.Williamson developed the Minnesota point of view and trait-factor approach.
John Brewer published "Education as Guidance" in 1932, contributing to the broadening of counseling beyond occupational concerns.
George Dean Act of 1938 created the Vocational Education Division of the U.S. Office of Education and an Occupational Information and Guidance Service.

1940s

Carl Rogers emphasized a client-centered, non-directive approach to counseling.
Published "Counseling and Psychotherapy" in 1942.
World War II brought a new way of looking at vocations for men and women.
George-Barden Act of 1946 provided funds for counselor training institutes.

1950s

The American Personnel and Guidance Association (APGA) was established in 1952.
The American School Counselor Association (ASCA) was chartered in 1953.
The establishment of Division 17 (Society of Counseling Psychology) within the American Psychological Association (APA) in 1952.
National Defense Education Act (NDEA) in 1958.

1960s

Gilbert Wrenn wrote "The Counselor in a Changing World" (1962) with an emphasis on resolving developmental needs.
The Vietnam War, civil rights movement, and women's movement identified society's needs.
A rise in humanistic counseling theories.
Behavioral Counseling grew in importance as a result of John Krumboltz's "Revolution in Counseling" (1966).
Community Mental Health Centers Act, 1963.

1970s

Diversification in counseling settings.
Title IX of the Education Amendments, affirmative action laws, and antidiscrimination legislation advocated for services for females, minorities, and persons with disabilities.
Helping skills programs developed and rose in popularity.
APGA moved towards state and national licensure for counselors.
APGA grew in strength and the Association for Counselor Educators and Supervisors (ACES) outlined the standards for a master's degree in counseling in 1973.

1980s

Standardization of training and certification – the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Programs was formed in 1981.
National Board for Certified Counselors formed in 1982.

1984

APGA became the American Association for Counseling and Development (AACD).

1985

Chi Sigma Iota was formed.

1986

The American Association of State Counseling Boards was established by Ted Remley.

1990s

In 1992, the AACD became the American Counseling Association (ACA).
The Center for Mental Health Services and the National Institute of Mental Health included counseling in the health care human resource statistics for the first time in 1992.
Sue, Arredondo, and McDavis (1992) wrote the multicultural counseling competences and standards for counselors.

Current Trends

Work with violence, trauma, and crises.
The challenge of managed care.
Promoting wellness.
Concern for social justice and advocacy.
Greater emphasis on technology.
Leadership – 20/20 Future of Counseling initiative.
Identity – 19 divisions of ACA.

Definition of Counseling

According to the 20/20: A Vision for the Future of Counseling group, counseling is defined as a professional relationship that empowers diverse individuals, families, and groups to accomplish mental health, wellness, education, and career goals.

Characteristics of a Profession

According to Myers & Sweeney (2001), a profession is distinguished by having a specific body of knowledge, accredited training programs, a professional organization of peers, credentialing of practitioners such as licensure, a code of ethics, legal recognition, and other standards of excellence.

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Description

Explore the key features that define a profession, including a specific body of knowledge, accredited training programs, and credentialing of practitioners. This quiz is based on the book 'Counseling: A Comprehensive Profession' by Gladding and covers the characteristics of a profession according to Myers and Sweeney. Test your knowledge of the counseling profession and its standards of excellence.