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Questions and Answers
Saint-Pierre conceptualizes a European community in terms of a political and strategic alliance.
Saint-Pierre conceptualizes a European community in terms of a political and strategic alliance.
True (A)
Saint-Pierre supports the idea of a universal European monarchy.
Saint-Pierre supports the idea of a universal European monarchy.
False (B)
The concept of cosmopolitanism was widely accepted and conceptualized as an ideal in the early 18th century.
The concept of cosmopolitanism was widely accepted and conceptualized as an ideal in the early 18th century.
False (B)
Montesquieu shared similar views with Saint-Pierre regarding European political structures.
Montesquieu shared similar views with Saint-Pierre regarding European political structures.
The Republic of Letters included all educated Europeans, regardless of social standing.
The Republic of Letters included all educated Europeans, regardless of social standing.
Cosmopolitan practices were embraced by European diplomatic and literary elites during the Age of Enlightenment.
Cosmopolitan practices were embraced by European diplomatic and literary elites during the Age of Enlightenment.
Saint-Pierre's notion of a European republic promotes exclusive ideologies over peace and trade.
Saint-Pierre's notion of a European republic promotes exclusive ideologies over peace and trade.
The Club de l’Entresol was dissolved around 1733 yet its influence persisted among elite networks.
The Club de l’Entresol was dissolved around 1733 yet its influence persisted among elite networks.
The analysis of cosmopolitanism began in the eighteenth century and focuses solely on contemporary meanings.
The analysis of cosmopolitanism began in the eighteenth century and focuses solely on contemporary meanings.
Concepts are often defined simply, unlike mere words.
Concepts are often defined simply, unlike mere words.
Past definitions of international terms have had a lasting impact on current political debates.
Past definitions of international terms have had a lasting impact on current political debates.
The book focuses primarily on the chronological history of international relations and institutions.
The book focuses primarily on the chronological history of international relations and institutions.
Systematic analysis of historical language use in international discourse has been a common approach in previous research.
Systematic analysis of historical language use in international discourse has been a common approach in previous research.
The meanings of terms such as 'cosmopolitan' and 'universal' have remained constant throughout history.
The meanings of terms such as 'cosmopolitan' and 'universal' have remained constant throughout history.
The book aims to define what 'European' meant in history through rigid classifications.
The book aims to define what 'European' meant in history through rigid classifications.
Conceptual history is concerned with articulating diverse past understandings of political phenomena beyond nation states.
Conceptual history is concerned with articulating diverse past understandings of political phenomena beyond nation states.
The first wave of feminism was inspired by the internationalism of the late nineteenth century.
The first wave of feminism was inspired by the internationalism of the late nineteenth century.
The League of Nations was established after the dissolution of empires following the First World War.
The League of Nations was established after the dissolution of empires following the First World War.
Expectations of a stable world economy were bolstered by the economic crash in 1929.
Expectations of a stable world economy were bolstered by the economic crash in 1929.
The interaction between nationalism and internationalism was not influenced by the interests of nation states.
The interaction between nationalism and internationalism was not influenced by the interests of nation states.
The second wave of internationalism was significantly delayed by the rise of National Socialist Germany.
The second wave of internationalism was significantly delayed by the rise of National Socialist Germany.
The French Revolution is deemed to have a distinct 'cosmopolitan' phase until 1792 followed by a turn towards nationalism.
The French Revolution is deemed to have a distinct 'cosmopolitan' phase until 1792 followed by a turn towards nationalism.
The usage of the term 'international' in parliaments peaked around 1990.
The usage of the term 'international' in parliaments peaked around 1990.
The analysis of the French Revolution focuses solely on France without considering external influences.
The analysis of the French Revolution focuses solely on France without considering external influences.
Nationalism and internationalism were in direct opposition during the late twentieth century.
Nationalism and internationalism were in direct opposition during the late twentieth century.
The literature on the French Revolution does not address the impact of emigration and colonial upheaval.
The literature on the French Revolution does not address the impact of emigration and colonial upheaval.
The National Convention refers specifically to the period of 1795 and beyond in the context of the French Revolution.
The National Convention refers specifically to the period of 1795 and beyond in the context of the French Revolution.
The economic depression following the First World War was a contributing factor to the rise of nationalism in the 1930s.
The economic depression following the First World War was a contributing factor to the rise of nationalism in the 1930s.
The 'Sister Republic' mentioned in the text refers to the Batavian Republic.
The 'Sister Republic' mentioned in the text refers to the Batavian Republic.
Franco-German relations post-1800 did not involve any transformative concepts related to warfare and national consciousness.
Franco-German relations post-1800 did not involve any transformative concepts related to warfare and national consciousness.
The Archives parlementaires pertain to the debates during the Legislative Assemblies from 1791 to 1792.
The Archives parlementaires pertain to the debates during the Legislative Assemblies from 1791 to 1792.
The digital resources mentioned include collections from the House of Commons Parliamentary Papers.
The digital resources mentioned include collections from the House of Commons Parliamentary Papers.
The book 'Fraternité universelle et intérêt national' was published in 1713.
The book 'Fraternité universelle et intérêt national' was published in 1713.
The concept of cosmopolitanism has historical roots tracing back to the 18th century.
The concept of cosmopolitanism has historical roots tracing back to the 18th century.
'Weltbürger' is a term associated with the idea of global citizenship.
'Weltbürger' is a term associated with the idea of global citizenship.
D. Edelstein's book primarily discusses the arts and literature of the Enlightenment.
D. Edelstein's book primarily discusses the arts and literature of the Enlightenment.
The work of Rousseau contributed to discussions on perpetual peace.
The work of Rousseau contributed to discussions on perpetual peace.
The publication 'La guerre et la paix perpétuelle' was written by a collective of authors in 2012.
The publication 'La guerre et la paix perpétuelle' was written by a collective of authors in 2012.
The relationship between cosmopolitanism and diplomacy was explored during the time of Louis XIV.
The relationship between cosmopolitanism and diplomacy was explored during the time of Louis XIV.
'Vänskap och makt' discusses the relationship between friendship and power in 20th-century Finland.
'Vänskap och makt' discusses the relationship between friendship and power in 20th-century Finland.
French revolutionaries believed that their republic was meant to serve as a model for all of humanity.
French revolutionaries believed that their republic was meant to serve as a model for all of humanity.
The term 'cosmopolite' maintained a consistently positive meaning throughout the Revolutionary period.
The term 'cosmopolite' maintained a consistently positive meaning throughout the Revolutionary period.
The Enlightenment played a significant role in the development of universalist ideals during the French Revolution.
The Enlightenment played a significant role in the development of universalist ideals during the French Revolution.
Cosmopolitan ideas were solely focused on foreign trade without any affiliation to political concepts.
Cosmopolitan ideas were solely focused on foreign trade without any affiliation to political concepts.
France's historical tradition viewed it as the primary heir to the Roman Empire.
France's historical tradition viewed it as the primary heir to the Roman Empire.
The exportation of revolutionary principles by France was seen as a limited endeavor, mainly affecting its neighboring provinces.
The exportation of revolutionary principles by France was seen as a limited endeavor, mainly affecting its neighboring provinces.
The fall of the monarchy during the Revolution had no impact on the usage of cosmopolite.
The fall of the monarchy during the Revolution had no impact on the usage of cosmopolite.
The Bavarian State Library provided collections that were crucial for understanding the German states' perspective during the Revolution.
The Bavarian State Library provided collections that were crucial for understanding the German states' perspective during the Revolution.
Flashcards
First Wave Feminism
First Wave Feminism
An early feminist movement that sought greater rights for women.
International Organizations
International Organizations
Groups that work across national borders, often reinforcing national roles.
Rise of Nationalism (1930s)
Rise of Nationalism (1930s)
Increased loyalty and devotion to one's nation, impacting international efforts.
League of Nations
League of Nations
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Second Wave Internationalism
Second Wave Internationalism
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Global Depression (1929)
Global Depression (1929)
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Superpower Rivalry (Post WWII)
Superpower Rivalry (Post WWII)
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Decolonization
Decolonization
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Conceptual History of Cosmopolitanism
Conceptual History of Cosmopolitanism
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International Concepts
International Concepts
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Historical Trajectories of Concepts
Historical Trajectories of Concepts
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Politicized Use of Concepts
Politicized Use of Concepts
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Conceptual Analysis
Conceptual Analysis
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Everyday Political Debates
Everyday Political Debates
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Complex Meanings of International
Complex Meanings of International
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Historical Sources
Historical Sources
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Cosmopolitanism in the 18th century
Cosmopolitanism in the 18th century
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Saint-Pierre's vision of Europe
Saint-Pierre's vision of Europe
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European community of interest
European community of interest
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Republic of Letters
Republic of Letters
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Cosmopolitan practices (18th century)
Cosmopolitan practices (18th century)
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Cosmopolitanism as a political ideal
Cosmopolitanism as a political ideal
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Universalist but Eurocentric ideal
Universalist but Eurocentric ideal
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Club de l'Entresol
Club de l'Entresol
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Cosmopolitan Vision
Cosmopolitan Vision
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Enlightenment
Enlightenment
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International Relations
International Relations
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Diplomacy
Diplomacy
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Cosmopolitanism
Cosmopolitanism
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Universal Values
Universal Values
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National Interest
National Interest
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Peace
Peace
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French Universalism
French Universalism
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Culte Cosmopolite
Culte Cosmopolite
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Ambivalence of Cosmopolitanism
Ambivalence of Cosmopolitanism
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Cosmopolitanism's Transformation
Cosmopolitanism's Transformation
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Uprooted Individuals
Uprooted Individuals
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Revolution's Impact on Cosmopolitanism
Revolution's Impact on Cosmopolitanism
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Exportation of Revolution
Exportation of Revolution
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Cosmopolitan Phase
Cosmopolitan Phase
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Radicalization and Nationalism
Radicalization and Nationalism
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Transnational Revolution
Transnational Revolution
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Universalism in Revolution
Universalism in Revolution
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Law of Nations
Law of Nations
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Sister Republics
Sister Republics
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Impact on National Consciousness
Impact on National Consciousness
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Source Corpora
Source Corpora
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Study Notes
Conceptual History of Cosmopolitanism, Internationalism, and Europe
- Aim: Analyze long-term discursive and conceptual constructions of cosmopolitanism, internationalism, Europe, and related concepts in European history since the 18th century.
- Focus: Variety of meanings of "international" and related concepts in diverse contexts. Concepts are complex, integrating meanings from different periods and fields, unlike simple words.
- Historical Contexts & Recycling: Present-day public discourse on international activities recycles historical connotations, both positive and negative.
- Method: Analyze historical trajectories of concepts beyond nation-states, their use in politicized arguments, and resulting meanings. Use of prominent texts and everyday political debates to reconstruct understandings of political, cultural, and economic phenomena beyond nation-states.
- Book Focus: Not on the history of international relations' agents, events, or institutions, nor on scholarly debates, but on everyday discourses.
- Approach: Analyze how past actors (politicians, intellectuals, etc.) talked about "international" and related terms, rather than defining them.
- Distinguishing Feature: Conceptual history avoids relying on existing studies of international practices; instead, it emphasizes a systematic analysis of historical language use across a vast corpus of sources.
Waves of Internationalism
- Influences on Conceptual History: Inspired by early feminism and various women's rights movements.
- 19th Century: Rise of specialized international organizations strengthening nation-state roles.
- 20th Century: Characterized by both internationalism and nationalism, total wars, and genocide.
- Post-World War I: League of Nations created, new nations join the international stage. Initial optimism (revisionist socialists, some non-socialists) faltered with rising nationalism in the 1930s and the 1929 global economic crisis.
- Post-World War II: Marked by superpower rivalry, decolonization, and many new nations. Internationalism often subordinated to nation-state interests.
- Internationalism Developments: Analysis of language use (distant and close reading) reveals a renewed internationalism during the interwar period, followed by a delay due to World War II.
- Evidence: British, Dutch, and Swedish parliamentary records show increasing use of "international" until the 1980s, with a significant rise since the 1960s (corroborated by Google Books Ngram Viewer in English, French, and German).
Cosmopolitanism and European Community
- Early Cosmopolitanism Idea: 18th-century cosmopolitanism not generally conceptualized as an ideal. However, cosmopolitan practices were embraced by European elites.
- Saint-Pierre's "Projet de paix perpétuelle": Suggests a European community in terms of political/strategic alliance, common fatherland, and republic of peace, with a universalist but Eurocentric ideal focused on peace and trade, with a focus on a limited community. This reflects liberal aristocracy's views on absolutism and an exclusive notion of cosmopolitanism.
- Enlightenment Era: Cosmopolitanism emerged as a distinct political idea among elites, rooted in the Republic of Letters and its networks.
French Revolution and Cosmopolitanism
- French Universalism: Rooted in France's perceived historical role, Enlightenment thought, and the Revolution's promise to recover rights for all. The mission became secular and targeted monarchies.
- Export of Revolution: France aimed to be the model for "humanity," exporting its values and potentially seeking to expand its influence globally, possibly by force.
- Ambivalences of Cosmopolitanism: The concept evolved from a more neutral to a more radical sense of "culte cosmopolite" aiming for republican universalism, but quickly became ambivalent through war and terror, implying both exclusion and liberation as a consequence.
- "Cosmopolite" and "Foreigner": By 1793, "cosmopolite" was increasingly associated with foreigners and conspiracies against the French Republic
Source Materials
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French Revolution Debates: Archives parlementaires, digitized for 1789-1794.
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British and Dutch Discourses: Digitized legislative records and databases.
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German Sources: Digitized Bavarian newspapers and journals.
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Note: This summary only covers the key themes and concepts; it does not include details about specific figures, events, or theories discussed in the text.
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Description
Explore the historical constructions of cosmopolitanism, internationalism, and Europe from the 18th century onwards. This quiz analyzes the variety of meanings associated with 'international' and how these concepts have evolved and been recycled in contemporary discourse. Engage with key texts and debates that illuminate the complexities of these political, cultural, and economic ideas.
