Cosmetics and Chemistry

He was best known for formulating the Periodic Table of elements.

Lavoisier recognized and named Oxygen and Hydrogen.

Matter consists of indivisible particles called atoms, which cannot be created or destroyed.

<p>He discovered carbon dioxide by heating charcoal in air.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He first prepared hydrogen chloride gas and later nitric acid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Food preservatives prevent decomposition and reduce the rate of nutrient loss.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Food processing transforms or alters food through various methods like mincing and preservation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Joseph Priestley was the first to prepare sulphur dioxide gas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cosmetics are mixtures of chemical compounds from natural or synthetic sources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Talc is made up of magnesium, silicon, and oxygen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Titanium oxide acts as a natural pigment powder that provides mild sun protection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Preservatives extend the shelf life of cosmetics and prevent the growth of microorganisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Terylene is elastic, suffers little shrinkage, is crease resistant, and easily washable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rayon is used as a manufactured fiber in various textile applications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Natural fibers are derived from plant or animal sources, while synthetic fibers are man-made through chemical processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emulsifiers are used to give an even texture to creams and lotions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The main components are the burner tube for gas combustion, the air regulator to control the flame, and the base for connecting to the gas supply.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The thistle funnel allows reactants to enter the round bottom flask and prevents gases from escaping by dipping below the solution's surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The delivery tube is used for transferring gases between different apparatuses and connecting glass equipment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The beehive shelf collects gases by downward displacement of water, with the shelf submerged in water and the gas jar inverted over it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In downward displacement, the gas jar is inverted, displacing water downwards; in upward displacement, it is right side up, allowing gases to displace water upwards.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A funnel is used for pouring reactants into the thistle funnel and can also carry gases using a wetted funnel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Types include pipettes for sucking liquids, burettes for pouring liquids from a graduated tube, and measuring cylinders for filling to specific volumes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The base connects the burner to a gas tap, providing a stable foundation for the burner.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alchemists were predecessors to modern chemists, as they sought to transform substances through processes that were considered magical.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Philosopher's Stone was believed to turn inexpensive metals into gold and was also thought to be the elixir of life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alchemy was initially prioritized but became regarded as a pseudoscience as scientific processes of modern chemistry developed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nicolas Flamel was a 14th-century alchemist who claimed he could transform metals into gold.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Philosopher's Stone was not literally a stone but was thought to be a powder or potion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alchemists developed processes that helped later chemists extract metals and explore new avenues in chemistry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent decomposition by bacteria or microbes and preserve nutritional quality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Jams and carbonated drinks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Processes such as mincing, cooking, and canning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Meat products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sugar industry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chemistry is the study of substances, their composition, properties, and interactions. It is important in daily life because it plays a vital role in various industries and everyday processes, such as cooking and cleaning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The two main branches are Inorganic Chemistry, which studies elements and compounds excluding carbon, and Organic Chemistry, which focuses on carbon-containing compounds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One notable chemist is Marie Curie, who conducted pioneering research on radioactivity, leading to significant advancements in both chemistry and medicine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chemistry contributes to food preservation through the development of preservatives that inhibit spoilage and extend shelf life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fertilizers improve soil fertility and supply essential nutrients for plant growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Herbicides kill or inhibit unwanted plants, while insecticides destroy harmful insects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Common chemicals in cosmetics include talcum powder, which absorbs moisture, and various emulsifiers that help blend ingredients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chemistry plays a crucial role in the production of medicines by guiding the synthesis of compounds like aspirin and paracetamol.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Refined oils and butter are products obtained through chemical processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mortar, cement, and glass are materials used in construction that involve chemistry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Terylene is a synthetic polymer commonly used in clothing, made from the chemical reaction between terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alchemists contributed by experimenting with substances and laying the groundwork for modern chemistry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The production of soaps and detergents is a significant industrial application of chemistry, as it helps maintain hygiene and cleanliness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Philosophers sought to transform base metals into gold and find the Elixir of life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metals and alloys used in machines and automotive structures are notable industrial products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chemicals are essential for products like cooking gas, perfumes, and dyes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To collect gases by different methods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It involves inverting a gas jar filled with water to collect gases that are insoluble or slightly soluble in water, such as nitrogen and oxygen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To pour reactants into vessels or for carrying out filtration using a wetted filter paper.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A pipette measures liquids by sucking the liquid up to a marked level and then pouring it out after closing the open end.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A burette measures liquid by filling it from the top to a marked level and releasing it dropwise by opening the tap.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A measuring cylinder is filled to the marked level to measure liquids and is designed for larger volumes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A test tube is a glass tube with one open and one closed end, used for heating chemicals and studying reactions in solution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A beaker is used for holding, pouring, and mixing solutions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A round bottom flask is used for gas preparation where heating is required, ensuring uniform heat distribution, whereas a flat bottom flask does not require uniform heating.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A conical flask is used for the storage of various liquids and for mixing different solutions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A retort is used for carrying out distillation experiments, including the distillation of acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A boiling tube is a hard glass test tube made of pyrex, specifically designed to withstand high temperatures for boiling experiments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To hold a test tube while the substance inside is heated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is made of wood or plastic with holes and upright pegs for holding test tubes straight.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It consists of an iron rod with a movable clamp for holding flasks during experiments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is an iron triangle mounted on three legs, supporting glass apparatus placed on it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It prevents glass from cracking due to uneven heating from below.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The wooden handle is a poor conductor of heat, allowing safe handling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A test tube stand is used for holding test tubes, while a retort stand holds flasks and other apparatus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Iron is commonly used for the construction of a tripod stand.</p> Signup and view all the answers