Corrosion Resistance Concepts and Material Properties

<p>Fewer loading cycles occur over time. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The stress exceeds the yield stress. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It increases the rate at which oxygen diffuses into the metal. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Low cycle fatigue occurs when stress is above yield stress. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased oxidation due to higher diffusion rates. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pearlite (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Above the eutectoid temperature (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a critical point where phase transformation occurs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The temperature at which they form (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pearlite is a mixture of proeutectoid ferrite and cementite. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Just below the eutectoid temperature (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proeutectoid ferrite (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transition from austenite to pearlite (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a diffusion-less transformation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It has no effect on the speed of sound. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Quenching process. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a very rapid transformation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diffusion of atoms. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Helps in achieving the transformation instantaneously. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cooling rate of the material. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Is formed due to an instant cooling process. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They slide past each other. (B), They become permanently deformed. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provides structural integrity by restricting chain movement. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Permanent deformation occurs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can slide past each other. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elastic deformation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To allow for controlled deformation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Permanent deformation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chemical bonding. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased risk of permanent deformation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The chains resume their original position. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Body-centered tetragonal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cooperative atomic movement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It elongates along one of its dimensions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shear strain in the structure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diffusionless transformation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elongation along one dimension (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atoms shift slightly with respect to their neighbors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mechanical properties (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The material becomes ductile and softer. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Initial dislocations are formed. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tertiary stage. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The microstructure is reduced to spheroidite. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ductility of the material. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It represents a balanced rate of deformation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A plateau in the strain rate. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It generally enhances the ductility. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Damage within the material begins to accumulate. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Equal rates of strain and dislocation recovery. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fatigue where stress is below yield stress.

Fatigue where stress is above yield stress.

Oxygen diffusion into the metal increases with temperature increase.

The speed at which atoms or molecules move from one place to another.

The stress at which a material starts to deform permanently.

Increased temperature speeds up oxygen diffusion into a metal.

The length of a crack in the middle

The general stress point at which metal distorts

Ferrite formed above the eutectoid temperature during cooling in a hypoeutectoid steel.

The temperature at which the eutectoid reaction occurs.

Steel with a carbon content below the eutectoid composition.

Ferrite formed in the eutectoid reaction.

A phase transformation that occurs below the eutectoid temperature.

A microstructure resulting from the eutectoid reaction in steel.

Cooling of the steel from high temperature to room temperature.

The different phases that make up a material.

A process that connects polymer chains to each other, creating a stronger, more rigid structure.

The change in shape or size of a material under stress.

The force applied to a material per unit area.

A change in shape that remains even after the stress is removed.

A controlled and limited change in shape, ensuring the material doesn't break.

Excessive change in shape that can weaken or break the material.

Crosslinking helps to limit deformation by making chains tougher and reducing their ability to slide past each other.

A very rapid, diffusion-less transformation that occurs in certain metals when they are rapidly cooled (quenched). This transformation creates a new, hard, and brittle phase called martensite.

A transformation process in which the movement of atoms is negligible, meaning it happens very quickly without significant atomic migration.

The process of rapidly cooling a heated material, often by immersing it in a liquid like water or oil.

A hard and brittle phase formed during a martensite transformation. It's known for its high strength and hardness, but also for its brittleness.

The force that pushes a transformation to occur, such as a change in temperature or the presence of another element.

Atoms or molecules that are at a low energy state and are unlikely to change their structure or configuration.

Higher temperatures increase the diffusion rate. This is because atoms have more energy to move around at higher temperatures.

A crystal structure where atoms are arranged like a cube with one atom at each corner and one in the center. Unlike a regular cube, the bct structure has one side that is longer than the other two, making it a rectangular prism.

Atoms in a crystal structure moving slightly together in a synchronized manner, like a marching band. This movement causes a shear strain, leading to changes in shape.

A type of deformation where one part of a material slides past another, like a deck of cards being pushed sideways.

The martensite transformation causes the steel to stretch in one direction, like a rubber band pulled on one end.

The boundary between the martensite phase and the surrounding material, like a border between two countries.

As martensite forms, the amount of the original material decreases, like the shrinking ice in a glass of water.

A process where new, strain-free grains are formed in a deformed material, resulting in a softer and more ductile microstructure.

A process where some of the dislocations in a deformed material are removed, leading to a partial recovery of the material's original properties.

Initial rapid deformation that occurs when a material is first subjected to a constant stress.

A steady-state creep rate where the deformation rate remains constant.

A stage of creep characterized by a rapid increase in the creep rate, leading to material failure.

A microstructure of steel with rounded cementite particles dispersed in ferrite. It's highly ductile and soft.

A heat treatment process where material is heated to a specific temperature and held for a certain time, allowing for microstructure transformation.

The total area of all the surfaces of an object.

The internal structure of a material, including the arrangement and size of its constituent phases.