Correlation in Statistics
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Questions and Answers

What is the major advantage of ANOVA?

  • It can only be used with an independent measure design
  • It can evaluate mean differences between two or more treatments (correct)
  • It tests specific differences among means
  • It is named after Sir Ronald Fisher

What are the factors in ANOVA often referred to as?

  • Repetitive variables
  • Categorical variables (correct)
  • Experimental variables
  • Specific variables

Why are ANOVAs sometimes called F-tests?

  • Because they compute a test statistic called F (correct)
  • Because they are named after Sir Ronald Fisher
  • Because they are only used with a repeated measure design
  • Because they are based on specific differences among means

What does the F statistic in ANOVA represent?

<p>A ratio of variances (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In factorial design ANOVA, what does Factor 1 represent?

<p>Therapy technique (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can ANOVA be used to evaluate in a research study involving more than one factor?

<p>Results from a research study involving more than one factor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the alternative hypothesis (H1)?

<p>To state that the treatment conditions are not all the same (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is homoscedasticity in statistical terms?

<p>Equal variance within each population (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the between-treatments variance measure?

<p>Differences caused by systematic treatment effects (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the within-treatments variance provide a measure of?

<p>Random, unsystematic differences between treatment conditions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the overall goal of ANOVA?

<p>To interpret the differences between treatments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible explanation for the difference that exists between treatments?

<p>Random, unsystematic differences caused by sampling error (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the within-treatments variance measure?

<p>Natural differences occurring when there is no treatment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an important assumption shared by many parametric statistical methods?

<p>Homogeneity of variance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the null hypothesis (H0) state?

<p>The telephone condition has no effect (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does H1 state?

<p>There is a real treatment effect (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Correlation measures the relationship between three variables.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A scatter plot helps visualize patterns or trends in data.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Correlation can only measure straight-line relationships.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The direction of the relationship in correlation can be positive or negative.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Correlation measures the consistency of the relationship between variables.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Correlation requires two scores for each individual, typically identified as X and Y.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A perfect correlation is always identified by a correlation of 1.00.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A correlation of 0 indicates a perfectly consistent relationship.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The sign and the strength of a correlation are dependent on each other.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Pearson correlation coefficient is used with ranked or ordinal-scaled data.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A positive correlation means that individuals who score high on X also tend to score high on Y.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The value for SP is used to measure variability for a single variable.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Pearson correlation measures the relationship between an individual’s location in the X distribution and his or her location in the Y distribution.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If two variables are known to be related in some systematic way, it is not possible to use one for prediction.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Pearson correlation can be used to measure the amount of covariability between two variables.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A negative correlation indicates that individuals with high X scores tend to have high Y scores.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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